【摘要】：微穿孔板(Micro-perforated panel, MPP)吸聲體由我國著名聲學(xué)專家馬大猷教授于1975年提出,并建立了相關(guān)理論模型,稱為馬氏理論模型。微穿孔板吸聲體自提出以來,就以其堅固、質(zhì)輕、耐蝕和環(huán)境友好等諸多優(yōu)點,被廣泛應(yīng)用于建筑物、船舶、飛機、消聲器等眾多領(lǐng)域,被譽為21世紀(jì)可以替代傳統(tǒng)多孔吸聲材料的最具吸引力的新一代吸聲材料。 然而,傳統(tǒng)單層微穿孔板吸聲體的一個顯著缺點是吸聲帶寬較窄,一般為1-2個倍頻程,作為一個通用的吸聲結(jié)構(gòu)這是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。此外,由于安裝空間的嚴(yán)格限制,許多噪聲控制問題都要求薄的降噪結(jié)構(gòu)。因此,如何在不增加吸聲體厚度的情況下拓寬單層微穿孔板吸聲體的吸聲帶寬是目前的一個研究熱點。 本文重點圍繞如何拓寬單層微穿孔板吸聲體的吸聲帶寬,開發(fā)薄降噪結(jié)構(gòu)展開相關(guān)研究。 主要的研究內(nèi)容包括以下幾個方面： 1.微穿孔板吸聲體的吸聲特性由其結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)決定,如穿孔直徑、板厚、穿孔率和空腔深度。本文通過MATLAB數(shù)值仿真對微穿孔板吸聲體的吸聲特性進(jìn)行了參數(shù)化研究,得到了各結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)與其吸聲特性相互影響的規(guī)律。在充分理解微穿孔板吸聲體吸聲特性隨其結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)變化規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計了基于C++的面向微穿孔板吸聲結(jié)構(gòu)和吸聲特性混合設(shè)計的軟件平臺,與以往微穿孔板吸聲體設(shè)計平臺不同,此平臺綜合考慮了結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和吸聲特性參數(shù)兩方面的限制,在實現(xiàn)微穿孔板吸聲體按需設(shè)計的同時可兼顧最大吸聲系數(shù)與吸收帶寬之間的相互制約關(guān)系,提供滿足混合設(shè)計要求的優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)組合。 2.實驗探討了超微孔微穿孔板吸聲體的吸聲性能。馬氏理論模型預(yù)測穿孔直徑小于100um的超微孔微穿孔板吸聲體可達(dá)到單層微穿孔板吸聲體的吸聲帶寬極限,但限于傳統(tǒng)加工工藝如機械鉆孔、針刺等對超微孔的加工難度,超微孔微穿孔板吸聲體一直鮮見報道。本文對超微孔微穿孔板的加工工藝進(jìn)行了探索研究,應(yīng)用微機電系統(tǒng)(Micro-electronic Mechanical Systems, MEMS)工藝制作了超微孔微穿孔板。任何加工工藝都存在加工誤差,對于傳統(tǒng)的大孔徑微穿孔板吸聲體,數(shù)微米的加工誤差基本可以忽略,然而對于孔徑小于100um的超微孔微穿孔板,加工誤差的影響可能不可忽略。本文建立了計及加工誤差的MPP理論分析模型,率先從理論上探討了加工誤差對超微孔微穿孔板吸聲體吸聲性能以及馬氏理論模型關(guān)于超微孔微穿孔板吸聲體適用性的影響,數(shù)值仿真結(jié)果表明一定范圍內(nèi)的加工誤差不影響超微孔微穿孔板吸聲體的吸聲性能以及馬氏理論對其吸聲性能預(yù)測的準(zhǔn)確性(最大預(yù)測誤差仍在6%以內(nèi))。最后,在駐波管中使用駐波比法測量得到超微孔微穿孔板吸聲體的垂直入射吸聲系數(shù),實驗驗證了馬氏理論模型關(guān)于單層微穿孔板吸聲體帶寬極限的理論預(yù)測以及計及加工誤差的MPP理論分析模型關(guān)于加工誤差對超微孔微穿孔板吸聲體吸聲性能影響得出的結(jié)論。 3.理論與實驗研究了多孔徑微穿孔板吸聲結(jié)構(gòu)。基于MEMS工藝制作的超微孔微穿孔板吸聲體可達(dá)到單層微穿孔板吸聲體的帶寬極限,且體積小,對有限吸聲空間的降噪問題具有巨大吸引力,但隨著孔徑的減小,其吸聲頻帶將移向高頻,因而低頻吸聲性能變差,不利于中低頻的降噪需求,且其制作成本相對于普通微穿孔板也較高。多孔徑微穿孔板吸聲結(jié)構(gòu)具有優(yōu)異的中低頻吸聲性能,其結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)經(jīng)過適當(dāng)?shù)脑O(shè)計可達(dá)到與多層MPP相當(dāng)?shù)奈曅Ч?且多孔徑微穿孔板吸聲結(jié)構(gòu)更薄,適宜于狹小空間的降噪需求,不需要采用超微孔,制作成本較低。然而,多孔徑微穿孔板吸聲結(jié)構(gòu)缺乏系統(tǒng)理論模型,因而無法對其吸聲性能進(jìn)行理論預(yù)測進(jìn)而實現(xiàn)按需設(shè)計。本文基于體積流連續(xù)的原理,推導(dǎo)得到了聲波垂直入射條件下多孔徑微穿孔板吸聲結(jié)構(gòu)垂直入射吸聲系數(shù)的理論計算公式,探討了不同孔徑微孔的排列及空腔中的隔板對多孔徑微穿孔板吸聲結(jié)構(gòu)吸聲性能的影響,最后通過實驗驗證了該理論模型的有效性,奠定了多孔徑微穿孔板吸聲結(jié)構(gòu)的理論基礎(chǔ)。 4.相對于傳統(tǒng)單層微穿孔板吸聲體,多孔徑微穿孔板吸聲結(jié)構(gòu)引入了更多的可變結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),大大增加了其設(shè)計復(fù)雜性,限制了其在實際降噪問題中的應(yīng)用。為克服這一問題,本文提出了應(yīng)用多種群遺傳算法對多孔徑微穿孔板吸聲結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計,在加工工藝允許的條件范圍內(nèi),尋找最佳的參數(shù)組合,使其在設(shè)定的頻帶范圍內(nèi)平均吸聲系數(shù)最高,達(dá)到寬頻帶高吸收的效果。最后,對該算法的有效性進(jìn)行了實驗驗證,結(jié)果表明多種群遺傳算法可作為一種直接、快速、高效的優(yōu)化工具實現(xiàn)多孔徑微穿孔板吸聲結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計。
[Abstract]:Micro-perforated panel (MPP) sound-absorbing body was proposed in 1975 by the famous acoustic expert of China, and the relevant theoretical model is set up, which is called the horse's theory model. The micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing body has been widely used in many fields such as buildings, ships, airplanes, silencers, It is known as the most attractive new generation of sound-absorbing material that can replace the traditional porous sound-absorbing material in the 21st century. one significant disadvantage of the conventional single-layer microperforated plate sound-absorbing body, however, is that the sound-absorbing bandwidth is narrow, typically from 1 to 2 octave, as a general sound-absorbing structure, Enough. In addition, due to the strict limitations of the installation space, many noise control problems require a thin noise reduction Therefore, how to broaden the sound absorption bandwidth of a single-layer micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing body without increasing the thickness of the sound-absorbing body is one of the present research This paper focuses on how to broaden the sound absorption bandwidth of a single-layer micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing body and to develop a thin and noise-reducing structure. Open the relevant research. Main research contents includes the following aspects: 1. the sound-absorbing properties of the micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing body are determined by its structural parameters, such as the diameter of the perforations, In this paper, the sound absorption characteristics of the sound-absorbing body of the micro-perforated plate are studied by the numerical simulation of MATLAB, and the parameters of the structure are obtained. Based on the understanding of the characteristics of the sound absorption of the micro-perforated plate and its structural parameters, a software platform based on the mixed design of the sound-absorbing structure and the sound-absorbing property of the micro-perforated plate based on C ++ is designed. The design platform of the hole-plate sound-absorbing body is different, and the platform comprehensively considers the limitation of both the structural parameters and the sound-absorbing characteristic parameters, and the mutual restriction relationship between the maximum sound absorption coefficient and the absorption bandwidth can be taken into account when the sound-absorbing body of the micro-perforated plate is designed according to the requirements, and the hybrid design is provided. a combination of the required structural parameters.................................................... The sound-absorbing performance of the micro-porous micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing body is predicted by the theory model of Ma's theory. The sound-absorbing body of the super-microporous micro-perforated plate with the perforation diameter of less than 100um can reach the limit of the sound absorption band of the single-layer micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing body, but is limited to the traditional processing technology such as mechanical drilling. The processing difficulty of the ultra-micro-pores, such as the holes, the needling, and the like, is extremely small, In this paper, the processing technology of the micro-porous micro-perforated plate is studied, and the micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEM) and the micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEM) are applied. The ultra-micro-porous micro-perforated plate is manufactured through the process of S). The machining error is present in any machining process. For the conventional large-aperture micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing body, the processing error of several micrometers can be ignored, however, for the super-micro-porous micro-perforated plate with the aperture of less than 100um, The influence of machining error may not be neglected. In this paper, the MPP theory analysis model of the meter and the machining error is established, and the sound absorption performance of the super-micro-porous micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing body and the model of the horse's theory are first discussed in this paper. The numerical simulation results show that the processing error in a certain range does not affect the sound absorption performance of the super-micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing body and the accuracy of the performance prediction of the sound-absorbing body of the micro-perforated plate. (The maximum prediction error is still within 6%). Finally, in the standing wave tube, the standing wave ratio method is used to measure the ultra-micro-porous micro-threading. The vertical incidence sound absorption coefficient of the sound-absorbing body of the hole plate is experimentally verified. The theoretical prediction of the bandwidth limit of the single-layer micro-perforated plate and the MPP theoretical analysis model of the meter and the processing error are verified by the experiment. the effect of the sound-absorbing properties of the sound-absorbing body. The sound-absorbing structure of the multi-aperture micro-perforated plate is studied and studied. The sound-absorbing body of the super-porous micro-perforated plate based on the MEMS technology can reach the bandwidth limit of the single-layer micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing body, and the volume is small, the noise-reducing problem of the limited sound-absorbing space is very attractive, With the reduction of the aperture, the sound absorption band will be shifted to the high frequency, so the low-frequency sound absorption performance is deteriorated, and the noise reduction requirement of the medium and low frequency is not favorable, and The sound-absorbing structure of the multi-aperture micro-perforated plate has excellent middle-low-frequency sound absorption performance, and the structure parameter of the multi-aperture micro-perforated plate has the sound absorption effect equivalent to that of the multi-layer MPP, and the sound-absorbing structure of the multi-aperture micro-perforated plate is thinner, and is suitable for the narrow-band micro-perforated plate. Small-space noise reduction required however, that sound-absorbing structure of the multi-aperture micro-perforated plate lacks the theoretical model of the system, so it is not possible to absorb it. In this paper, based on the principle of continuous flow of volume flow, the sound absorption of multi-aperture micro-perforated plate under the condition of vertical incidence of sound wave is derived. The theoretical calculation formula of the vertical incidence sound absorption coefficient of the structure is calculated, the influence of the arrangement of the micro-pores of different apertures and the sound absorption of the sound-absorbing structure of the multi-aperture micro-perforated plate in the cavity is discussed, and the effectiveness of the theoretical model is proved by the experiment. The theoretical basis of the sound-absorbing structure of the multi-aperture micro-perforated plate is given. In order to overcome this problem, a multi-group genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the sound-absorbing structure of multi-aperture micro-perforated plate. so that it is within the set frequency band range, The average sound absorption coefficient is the highest, and the effect of broadband high absorption is achieved. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified, and the results show that the multiple group genetic algorithm can be used as a direct, fast and efficient optimization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB535

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

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