【摘要】：近年來(lái)，消費(fèi)者愈加追求安靜的駕駛乘坐環(huán)境。而在汽車輕量化的設(shè)計(jì)趨勢(shì)下，車內(nèi)低頻噪聲很難通過(guò)被動(dòng)控制的方法取得很好的降噪效果。而主動(dòng)噪聲控制技術(shù)，由于不需要添加大質(zhì)量的吸聲材料，可以在汽車經(jīng)濟(jì)性和舒適性中找到平衡點(diǎn)。另外，隨著汽車技術(shù)不斷更新，小排量的技術(shù)路線、斷缸技術(shù)的應(yīng)用以及新型能源車輛的開(kāi)發(fā)，都給汽車NVH性能帶來(lái)新的挑戰(zhàn)，而主動(dòng)噪聲控制也能適應(yīng)這些發(fā)展需求，支撐汽車新技術(shù)的發(fā)展。因此，研究主動(dòng)噪聲控制具有極其重要的實(shí)際意義。 為了系統(tǒng)研究汽車主動(dòng)噪聲控制技術(shù)，滿足不同配置車輛的主動(dòng)噪聲控制效果驗(yàn)證需要，本文進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)室環(huán)境下主動(dòng)噪聲控制試驗(yàn)平臺(tái)研究。以實(shí)驗(yàn)室現(xiàn)有車內(nèi)噪聲重現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)為基礎(chǔ)，建立模擬實(shí)車環(huán)境的主動(dòng)噪聲控制系統(tǒng)硬件在環(huán)仿真模型，在實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)搭建硬件平臺(tái)，并開(kāi)發(fā)相應(yīng)的軟件。 考慮到主動(dòng)噪聲控制的系統(tǒng)延時(shí)不利系統(tǒng)的收斂和穩(wěn)定，本文基于FXLMS算法的自適應(yīng)濾波控制理論，建立了帶延時(shí)補(bǔ)償?shù)母倪M(jìn)自適應(yīng)控制算法，以提高系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性。并對(duì)帶延時(shí)次級(jí)通道濾波估計(jì)的計(jì)算、塊采集情況下自適應(yīng)濾波權(quán)值系數(shù)的更新算法進(jìn)行了探討。此外，通過(guò)仿真計(jì)算選擇控制算法中的步長(zhǎng)因子，并通過(guò)計(jì)算分析了延時(shí)偏差對(duì)主動(dòng)噪聲控制效果的影響。發(fā)現(xiàn)延時(shí)偏差在一定范圍內(nèi)不會(huì)降低主動(dòng)噪聲控制的效果。利用這一特點(diǎn)，提出了半在線延時(shí)識(shí)別補(bǔ)償方案。 利用所搭建的主動(dòng)噪聲控制平臺(tái)，采用單通道系統(tǒng)，對(duì)單頻穩(wěn)態(tài)聲場(chǎng)進(jìn)行控制，在控制點(diǎn)處降低噪聲26dB，驗(yàn)證了帶延時(shí)補(bǔ)償?shù)淖赃m應(yīng)控制算法的正確性以及半在線延時(shí)識(shí)別補(bǔ)償方案的可行性。 考慮到卷積計(jì)算耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)，將影響多通道系統(tǒng)控制的實(shí)時(shí)性。本文討論了有限沖擊響應(yīng)濾波器的卷積算法優(yōu)化。利用快速傅氏變換優(yōu)化的卷積算法計(jì)算時(shí)間為原來(lái)的1/50。最后，采用以實(shí)車揚(yáng)聲器為次級(jí)聲源的多通道系統(tǒng)，對(duì)單頻穩(wěn)態(tài)聲場(chǎng)進(jìn)行控制，在控制點(diǎn)處降噪10～16dB，且對(duì)控制點(diǎn)以外的其他測(cè)點(diǎn)也有一定的降噪效果，，綜合降噪效果為5dB；以汽車行駛噪聲為對(duì)象，在控制點(diǎn)處降噪5～15dB，綜合各測(cè)點(diǎn)降噪3～5dB。
[Abstract]:In recent years, consumers increasingly seek quiet driving environment. However, in the trend of vehicle lightweight design, it is difficult to achieve a good noise reduction effect by passive control of the low frequency noise in the vehicle. However, the active noise control technology can find a balance between economy and comfort because it does not need to add high quality sound absorbing material. In addition, with the continuous renewal of automotive technology, the technical route of small displacement, the application of broken cylinder technology and the development of new energy vehicles, all of them bring new challenges to the performance of automobile NVH, and active noise control can also meet these development needs. Support the development of new automobile technology. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study active noise control. In order to study vehicle active noise control technology systematically and to meet the need of verification of active noise control effect of vehicles with different configurations, the active noise control test platform in laboratory environment is studied in this paper. Based on the existing vehicle noise reproduction system in the laboratory, the active noise control system hardware in loop simulation model is established to simulate the real vehicle environment, the hardware platform is built in the laboratory, and the corresponding software is developed. Considering the convergence and stability of the delay unfavorable system with active noise control, an improved adaptive control algorithm with delay compensation is established based on the adaptive filter control theory of FXLMS algorithm to improve the stability of the system. The calculation of secondary channel filter estimation with delay and the updating algorithm of adaptive filter weight coefficient in the case of block acquisition are discussed. In addition, the step factor in the control algorithm is calculated by simulation, and the effect of delay deviation on the control effect of active noise is analyzed. It is found that the delay deviation does not reduce the effect of active noise control in a certain range. Based on this feature, a half-line delay recognition and compensation scheme is proposed. Using the active noise control platform and single channel system, the steady sound field of single frequency is controlled, and the noise is reduced by 26dB at the control point. The correctness of the adaptive control algorithm with delay compensation and the feasibility of the semi-online delay recognition and compensation scheme are verified. Considering the time consuming of convolution calculation, the real-time control of multi-channel system will be affected. This paper discusses the optimization of convolution algorithm for finite impulse response filters. The computation time of the convolution algorithm optimized by fast Fourier transform is 1 / 50 of the original time. Finally, a multi-channel system with real vehicle loudspeaker as the secondary sound source is used to control the steady sound field of single frequency. The noise reduction at the control point is 10 ~ 16dB, and the noise reduction effect of other measuring points other than the control point is also certain, and the comprehensive noise reduction effect is 5 dB; Taking the vehicle driving noise as the object, the noise reduction at the control point is 5dB, and the noise reduction at each measuring point is 3 ~ 5dB.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TB535

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