【摘要】：隨著社會的進步，科技的發(fā)展，物質生活水平越來越高，各種產(chǎn)品極大豐富，，以功能為主的產(chǎn)品需求逐漸向以個性化為主的產(chǎn)品需求發(fā)展。在這種大趨勢下，19世紀末英國“工藝美術運動”先驅威廉·莫里斯提出“為大多數(shù)人設計”的理念，時至今日，在某些方面依然是一個遙不可及的夢想1。在產(chǎn)品設計中一個重要的思想是“以人為本”，不僅僅考慮正常人的使用狀況，還應該考慮到特殊人群的需求。視覺障礙者作為特殊人群中的一種，有著其獨特之處，視覺作為人類最重要的感官機能，因其功能的喪失或變差，使視覺障礙者無時無刻不在面對著衣食住行等各個方面的困難和挑戰(zhàn)。但是，在當今繁雜的設計中對這一特殊人群的關懷比較片面，使他們很難融入到社會生活中。因此，本課題以視覺障礙群體為研究對象，以無障礙設計、通用設計理論為支撐，尋求一種適用于視覺障礙群體大多數(shù)人的設計理念。 本課題以理論研究為主，以應用研究為輔。本論文主要分為五個部分：第一部分為視覺障礙者群體研究，明確其定義、分類及現(xiàn)狀，剖析其差異；第二部分依據(jù)視覺障礙者的差異，將“無差異性”引入到設計之中，提出視覺障礙者無差異性設計理論；第三部分別從無障礙設計、通用設計和感官代償?shù)确矫鎸碚摰奶岢鲞M行論證；第四部分根據(jù)視覺障礙者實際情況，總結歸納視覺障礙者無差異性設計的原則和評價標準；第五部分是對視覺障礙者無差異性設計的應用實踐。本文中第二部分和第四部分是理論研究的重點，也是本課題研究的創(chuàng)新點。 本文中視覺障礙者無差異性設計研究的最基本的目的在于從人文關懷和資源節(jié)約的角度，解決因視覺障礙差異帶來的多樣化需求的問題；其深層次的目的在于通過擴大目標受眾、簡化設計思路，吸引更多的設計者和營銷者關注到視覺障礙群體的需求中來，解決視覺障礙者學習、工作、生活各個方面的問題。視覺障礙者無差異性設計理論的提出，不僅豐富了無障礙設計在視覺障礙方面的理論，還對其他群體的設計提供新的思路。
[Abstract]:With the progress of society and the development of science and technology, the material living standard is getting higher and higher. Under this general trend, William Morris, the pioneer of the British "arts and crafts movement" in the late 19th century, put forward the idea of "designing for most people", which is still a distant dream in some respects. An important idea in product design is "people-oriented", which not only considers the use of normal people, but also the needs of special people. As one of the special people, the visual impairment has its own unique features. As the most important sensory function of human beings, the visual impairment is due to the loss or deterioration of its function. People with visual impairment are faced with difficulties and challenges in all aspects, such as food, clothing, housing and transportation all the time. However, in today's complicated design, the concern for this special group is relatively one-sided, which makes it difficult for them to integrate into social life. Therefore, this topic takes the visual disability group as the research object, takes the barrier-free design, the universal design theory as the support, seeks one kind of design idea which is suitable for the visual handicap group most people. This subject is mainly based on theoretical research, supplemented by applied research. This paper is mainly divided into five parts: the first part is the study of the group of people with visual impairment, clear its definition, classification and current situation, analyze its differences; The second part introduces the "no difference" into the design according to the difference of the people with visual impairment, and puts forward the theory of the non-difference design of the visual impairment. The third part demonstrates the theory from the aspects of barrier-free design, general design and sensory compensation respectively. The fifth part is the application practice of no difference design for the visual impairment. The second and fourth parts of this paper are the focus of theoretical research and the innovation of this research. In this paper, the most basic purpose of the research on the non-difference design of the visual impairment is to solve the problem of the diversity of demands brought about by the difference of visual impairment from the angle of humanistic care and resource saving. Its deep purpose is to expand the target audience, simplify the design ideas, attract more designers and marketers to pay attention to the needs of the visually impaired group, and solve the problems of learning, working and life of the visually impaired people. The theory of non-difference design for visually impaired people not only enriches the theory of barrier-free design in the aspect of visual barrier, but also provides new ideas for the design of other groups.
【學位授予單位】：武漢理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB472

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