【摘要】：微穿孔板結(jié)構(gòu)具有清潔、環(huán)保、無污染等優(yōu)點,在工程中有著廣泛的應(yīng)用,但其在低頻段吸聲效果不佳,限制了該結(jié)構(gòu)的適用范圍,因此如何提高微穿孔板結(jié)構(gòu)的低頻吸聲性能成為眾學(xué)者研究的主要方向。單層機械阻抗板復(fù)合微穿孔板結(jié)構(gòu)在低頻段出現(xiàn)吸聲峰值,在一定程度上改善低頻吸聲效果,但仍存在吸聲峰值單一及吸聲頻帶較窄等問題。針對這一問題,本文進一步開展工作,從增加吸聲峰值數(shù)目和拓寬吸聲頻帶這兩條途徑研究提高復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的低頻吸聲性能。首先總結(jié)微穿孔板及機械阻抗板的吸聲機理的基礎(chǔ)知識,在此基礎(chǔ)之上提出在單層機械阻抗板的背面并聯(lián)機械阻抗,與微穿孔板結(jié)合,構(gòu)成一種復(fù)合吸聲結(jié)構(gòu),研究思路是通過并聯(lián)機械阻抗形成多個共振峰來起到提高吸聲性能作用。對提出的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)開展計算研究:復(fù)合吸聲結(jié)構(gòu)由機械阻抗和微穿孔板兩部分組成,對機械阻抗部分采用集總參數(shù)的方法進行分析,由并聯(lián)機械阻抗系統(tǒng)的特征,獲得整個機械阻抗部分的等效電路,將機械阻抗轉(zhuǎn)換成聲阻抗,推導(dǎo)出這部分的聲學(xué)傳遞矩陣,與微穿孔板和空腔部分的傳遞矩陣串聯(lián),完成復(fù)合吸聲結(jié)構(gòu)聲阻抗的理論分析,獲得整個復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的吸聲系數(shù)計算表達式。運用前面的理論分析,選擇合適的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),將機械阻抗部分的頻率設(shè)定在低頻,開展試驗研究,使用駐波管測量復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的吸聲系數(shù)。試驗顯示:試驗結(jié)果與理論計算基本吻合,說明建立的計算模型合理;與單層機械阻抗板只有一個吸聲峰相比,復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在低頻出現(xiàn)三個吸聲峰值,明顯提高了低頻吸聲性能。分析機械阻抗板的品質(zhì)因子,提高機械阻抗板結(jié)構(gòu)的阻尼能夠降低品質(zhì)因子,拓寬吸聲頻帶。機械阻抗板的粘彈性性能一般采用密實性材料提供,在低頻吸聲需要降低材料的彈性系數(shù),而彈性系數(shù)降低的同時阻尼也降低,吸聲頻帶變窄。本文提出用橡膠管代替密實材料,橡膠管的彈性系數(shù)比密實材料的彈性系數(shù)低,能夠在低頻吸聲,并且在橡膠管上加工小孔,形成多孔彈性管,為機械阻抗板提供粘彈性。對提出的結(jié)構(gòu)開展試驗研究,仔細(xì)觀察試驗結(jié)果,采用多孔彈性管和采用未加工小孔的彈性管的吸聲性能對比,共振頻率稍微向低頻移動,分析原因是因為加工小孔以后彈性管的彈性系數(shù)降低所導(dǎo)致;試驗結(jié)果還顯示,采用多孔橡膠管吸聲系數(shù)有提高,吸聲頻帶拓寬,分析機理,聲音入射到機械阻抗板時,機械阻抗板帶動多孔彈性管共同振動,多孔彈性管振動過程中壓縮內(nèi)腔空氣,空氣流過彈性管側(cè)壁小孔,產(chǎn)生阻尼,耗散振動能量,從而拓寬了吸聲頻帶,提高了吸聲性能。
[Abstract]:The microperforated plate structure has many advantages such as clean, environmental protection, no pollution and so on. It is widely used in engineering, but its sound absorption effect in low frequency band is not good, which limits the application range of the structure. Therefore, how to improve the low-frequency sound absorption of micro-perforated plate structure has become the main research direction of scholars. The single-layer mechanical impedance plate composite microperforated plate structure has the peak sound absorption in low frequency band, which can improve the low frequency sound absorption effect to some extent, but there are still some problems such as single peak sound absorption peak and narrow sound absorption band. In order to solve this problem, this paper further studies how to improve the low frequency sound absorption performance of the composite structure by increasing the number of absorption peaks and widening the sound absorption band. Firstly, the basic knowledge of the sound absorption mechanism of the microperforated plate and the mechanical impedance plate is summarized. On this basis, the mechanical impedance parallel on the back of the single-layer mechanical impedance plate is proposed, which is combined with the micro-perforated plate to form a compound sound absorption structure. The research idea is to improve the sound absorption performance by forming multiple resonance peaks in parallel mechanical impedance. The composite structure is composed of two parts: mechanical impedance and microperforated plate. The mechanical impedance is analyzed by lumped parameter method, and the characteristics of parallel mechanical impedance system are analyzed. The equivalent circuit of the whole mechanical impedance part is obtained, the mechanical impedance is converted into acoustic impedance, the acoustic transfer matrix of this part is deduced, and the acoustic impedance of the composite acoustic absorption structure is analyzed in series with the transfer matrix of the microperforated plate and the cavity part. The expression of the sound absorption coefficient of the composite structure is obtained. The frequency of the mechanical impedance is set at low frequency and the sound absorption coefficient of the composite structure is measured by standing wave tube. The experimental results show that the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical calculation, which indicates that the proposed model is reasonable, and compared with the single layer mechanical impedance plate with only one absorption peak, the composite structure has three peak sound absorption peaks at low frequency, which obviously improves the low frequency sound absorption performance. By analyzing the quality factor of the mechanical impedance plate and increasing the damping of the mechanical impedance plate structure, the quality factor can be reduced and the sound absorption band can be widened. The viscoelastic properties of mechanical impedance plates are generally provided by dense materials. In low frequency sound absorption, the elastic coefficient of materials is reduced, while the damping coefficient is also reduced, and the band of sound absorption is narrowed. In this paper, the rubber tube is used to replace the dense material. The elastic coefficient of the rubber tube is lower than that of the dense material. The rubber tube can absorb sound at low frequency, and it can process holes in the rubber tube to form a porous elastic tube, which provides viscoelasticity for the mechanical impedance plate. The experimental study of the proposed structure was carried out, and the experimental results were carefully observed. The resonance frequency shifted slightly to the low frequency by comparing the sound absorption performance of the elastic tube with the porous elastic tube and the elastic tube with a small unmachined hole. The reason is that the elastic coefficient of the elastic tube decreases after the small hole is processed. The experimental results also show that the sound absorption coefficient of the porous rubber tube is improved, the sound absorption band is widened, the mechanism is analyzed, and the sound is incident to the mechanical impedance plate. The mechanical impedance plate drives the joint vibration of the porous elastic tube. During the vibration process of the porous elastic tube, the air flows through the small hole of the lateral wall of the elastic tube, resulting in damping and dissipation of vibration energy, thus widening the frequency band of sound absorption and improving the sound absorption performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB535.1

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