【摘要】：熱聲制冷是一種全新的制冷技術，它基于熱聲效應的原理，具有結構簡單、運行穩(wěn)定、壽命較長、低噪聲等優(yōu)點。尤其是微型熱聲制冷機在微電子散熱冷卻方面具有不可比擬的優(yōu)勢。 本文首先講述了微型熱聲制冷機的研究背景及其意義，對其國內(nèi)外的發(fā)展過程進行了較為詳細的論述。對從發(fā)現(xiàn)熱聲效應現(xiàn)象以來提出的種種理論進行了匯總說明。從熱力學角度對聲制冷的過程進行了詳細的定性分析。也對熱聲效應所觸及到的流體力學、傳熱學等基本知識進行了說明。從而對微型熱聲制冷機有一個較為完整的認知。 為了驗證采用Fluent對熱聲聲場進行數(shù)值模擬的可行性，首先對直管進行了流場的模擬，模擬結果與理論的結果波形分布趨同，從而說明了采用Fluent軟件進行數(shù)值模擬的可行性。本文設計了一種加強型的微型熱聲制冷機，通過對諧振管的前端引入了一段錐形管和通過調(diào)節(jié)尾腔縱向尺寸達到共振，兩者共同作用提高了諧振管的振幅幅度，進而提高了熱聲制冷機的制冷效率。為了具體的研究一塊板疊的制冷特性，本文現(xiàn)在諧振管內(nèi)放置了一塊板疊，并對板疊在下不同動壓條件下的制冷特性進行了模擬對比。并在板疊的左右兩端分別取兩個點作為監(jiān)測點，直觀的表現(xiàn)出了板疊兩端兩點的制冷和制熱的溫度具體變化過程。諧振管內(nèi)形成了一定的溫度梯度，同時也驗證了聲致冷效應。 引入了完整的回熱器和換熱器，對整個熱聲制冷機進行了數(shù)值模擬分析，其中的換熱器采用多孔流體域來進行數(shù)值模擬分析。觀測到了回熱器中與換熱器過度區(qū)域出現(xiàn)的非線性現(xiàn)象。重點對其板疊不同流道內(nèi)的溫度、壓力、速度的變化情況進行了探究。選取流道內(nèi)一點進行監(jiān)測，并觀測其溫度、壓力、速度隨時間的變化規(guī)律。也對某一時刻整個制冷機中軸線上的溫度進行了分析。最后通過對比不同的壓力和頻率對回熱器內(nèi)流體狀態(tài)的影響，，得出了選取合適的壓力和頻率對熱聲制冷機制冷效率的提升具有重要作用的結論。 最后對本論文進行了總結，并且列舉了幾點研究成果，創(chuàng)新性的設計了加強型的微型熱聲制冷機，并對制冷機的特性進行了數(shù)值模擬分析。也指出了論文的不足之處。
[Abstract]:Thermoacoustic refrigeration is a new refrigeration technology, which is based on the principle of thermoacoustic effect. It has the advantages of simple structure, stable operation, long life, low noise and so on. Especially the micro thermoacoustic refrigerator has an incomparable advantage in microelectronic cooling. In this paper, the research background and significance of micro thermoacoustic refrigerator are introduced, and the development process of micro thermoacoustic refrigerator at home and abroad is discussed in detail. The theories put forward since the discovery of thermoacoustic effect are summarized and explained. The process of acoustic refrigeration is analyzed qualitatively in detail from the point of view of thermodynamics. The basic knowledge of fluid mechanics, heat transfer and so on, which is touched by thermoacoustic effect, is also explained. Thus the miniature thermoacoustic refrigerator has a relatively complete understanding. In order to verify the feasibility of numerical simulation of thermoacoustic field by using Fluent, the flow field of the straight pipe is first simulated. The simulation results are similar to that of the theoretical results, which shows the feasibility of numerical simulation using Fluent software. In this paper, an enhanced miniature thermoacoustic refrigerator is designed. By introducing a section of tapered tube to the front end of the resonant tube and reaching resonance by adjusting the longitudinal size of the tail cavity, the amplitude of the resonant tube is increased by the combined action of the two. Furthermore, the refrigeration efficiency of thermoacoustic refrigerator is improved. In order to study the refrigeration characteristics of a plate stack, a plate stack is placed in the resonant tube in this paper, and the refrigeration characteristics of the plate stack under different dynamic pressure are simulated and compared. Two points are taken as the monitoring points at the left and right ends of the plate stack respectively. The temperature variation process of the two points of the plate stack is shown intuitively. A certain temperature gradient is formed in the resonant tube, and the acoustic cooling effect is also verified. The whole thermoacoustic refrigerator is numerically simulated by introducing a complete regenerator and heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is numerically simulated in porous fluid domain. The nonlinear phenomena in the transition region between the regenerator and the heat exchanger are observed. The variation of temperature, pressure and velocity in different channels of the laminate is discussed. A point in the channel is selected to monitor and observe the variation of temperature, pressure and velocity with time. The temperature on the axis of the whole refrigerator at a certain time is also analyzed. Finally, by comparing the influence of different pressure and frequency on the fluid state in the regenerator, it is concluded that the proper pressure and frequency play an important role in improving the refrigeration efficiency of the thermoacoustic refrigerator. Finally, this thesis is summarized, and several research results are listed. The enhanced miniature thermoacoustic refrigerator is designed innovatively, and the characteristics of the refrigerator are analyzed numerically. Also pointed out the shortcomings of the paper.
【學位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB657

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