【摘要】：在航空航天領(lǐng)域中，，飛行器和航天器附件等外表面多采用柔性薄壁結(jié)構(gòu)，以減少結(jié)構(gòu)的總質(zhì)量和能量損耗等。由于薄壁結(jié)構(gòu)自身低剛度、低質(zhì)量的特性，當航天器結(jié)構(gòu)受到持續(xù)擾動激勵起系統(tǒng)的大幅值振動時，或者空天飛行器在超音速飛行時其壁板結(jié)構(gòu)在慣性力、彈性力、熱載荷以及氣動力的耦合作用下產(chǎn)生壁板顫振時，均會引起結(jié)構(gòu)的疲勞與損傷破壞，因此，對結(jié)構(gòu)的顫振與振動控制研究是非常有必要的。本文針對壁板結(jié)構(gòu)顫振現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的條件，設(shè)計了一種兩端固支的壓電柔性板結(jié)構(gòu)來模擬壁板結(jié)構(gòu)，并以此為研究對象進行動力學建模仿真以及振動控制研究。 系統(tǒng)的動力學方程是對其進行研究的理論基礎(chǔ)。首先采用一種矩形薄板單元對兩端固支的柔性板結(jié)構(gòu)進行了有限元建模，為接下來的傳感器/驅(qū)動器的優(yōu)化布置以及控制算法的仿真提供了模型。 其次，基于一種改進的H2范數(shù)的優(yōu)化指標進行壓電傳感器/驅(qū)動器的位置優(yōu)化配置，該指標不僅考慮將控制模態(tài)指標最大化，同時將殘余模態(tài)指標最小化，以保證控制系統(tǒng)具有較好的可控性和可觀性。分別采用遺傳算法尋優(yōu)以及枚舉法的方式對比驗證了傳感器/驅(qū)動器的最優(yōu)位置。建立了壓電柔性板的動力學模型，進行了壓電板的特性分析，并采用ANSYS軟件進行對比分析。 再次，分別采用經(jīng)典PD反饋控制算法、自適應濾波-X LMS(Least Mean Square，最小均方誤差)前饋控制算法以及自適應濾波-U LMS前饋控制算法，對持續(xù)激勵擾動下兩端固支壓電板的振動控制進行仿真研究。 最后，基于前述的理論研究以及仿真分析結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上，搭建了兩端固支壓電板的振動主動控制實驗平臺，進行了通道模型辨識，并對相應的控制算法PD，F(xiàn)XLMS，F(xiàn)ULMS進行了實驗研究和對比分析。 基于改進的H2范數(shù)的優(yōu)化指標進行壓電傳感器/驅(qū)動器位置優(yōu)化的可行性得到了驗證。仿真和實驗研究分析的結(jié)果表明，采用PD反饋控制算法以及自適應濾波前饋控制算法均能有效地抑制壁板結(jié)構(gòu)在持續(xù)激勵下的振動。并且，F(xiàn)XLMS和FULMS前饋控制算法可以把一階模態(tài)持續(xù)激勵下的振動通過較長時間的調(diào)整后，抑制到很小的幅值，相比反饋算法，這就是所研究的前饋算法的優(yōu)勢。
[Abstract]:In the field of aeronautics and astronautics, flexible thin-walled structures are often used on outer surfaces such as aircraft and spacecraft accessories to reduce the total mass and energy loss of the structures. Due to the low stiffness and low mass of thin-walled structures, when the spacecraft structure is subjected to continuous disturbance to excite the large amplitude vibration of the system, or when the spaceflight is flying at supersonic speed, the wall structure of the spacecraft is subjected to inertial force and elastic force. The fatigue and damage of the structure can be caused by the flutter of the wall plate under the coupling of thermal load and aerodynamic force, so it is necessary to study the flutter and vibration control of the structure. In this paper, a piezoelectric flexible plate structure with fixed two ends is designed to simulate the wall plate structure, which is based on the flutter phenomenon of the wall structure. The dynamic modeling and simulation and vibration control research are carried out on the basis of the design of the piezoelectric flexible plate structure. The dynamic equation of the system is the theoretical basis of its research. Firstly, a rectangular thin plate element is used to model the flexible plate structure fixed at both ends by finite element method, which provides a model for the optimization of sensor / driver arrangement and the simulation of control algorithm. Secondly, based on an improved H _ 2 norm optimization index, the piezoelectric sensor / actuator position optimization is carried out, which not only considers maximizing the control modal index, but also minimizes the residual modal index. In order to ensure that the control system has better controllability and observability. The optimal position of sensor / driver is verified by genetic algorithm and enumeration method respectively. The dynamic model of piezoelectric flexible plate is established. The characteristics of piezoelectric plate are analyzed and compared by ANSYS software. Thirdly, the classical PD feedback control algorithm, adaptive filter-X LMS (Least Mean Square, minimum mean square error) feedforward control algorithm and adaptive filter-U LMS feedforward control algorithm are used respectively. The vibration control of piezoelectric plates with two ends clamped under continuous excitation and disturbance is simulated. Finally, based on the theoretical research and simulation results, an experimental platform for active vibration control of two clamped piezoelectric plates is built, and the channel model is identified. The corresponding control algorithm, PD,FXLMS,FULMS, is studied experimentally and compared. The feasibility of piezoelectric sensor / actuator position optimization based on the improved H _ 2 norm optimization index is verified. The results of simulation and experimental analysis show that both the PD feedback control algorithm and the adaptive filter feedforward control algorithm can effectively suppress the vibration of the wall structure under continuous excitation. Moreover, FXLMS and FULMS feedforward control algorithms can suppress the vibration of the first order mode to a very small amplitude after a long period of adjustment, which is the advantage of the feedforward algorithm compared with the feedback algorithm.
【學位授予單位】：華南理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB535;TP13

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