【摘要】：配氣系統(tǒng)作為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的重要組成部分,其性能將直接影響發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性及排放水平。可變氣門配氣技術(shù)能夠根據(jù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的工況變化合理調(diào)節(jié)配氣參數(shù),使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)提高充氣效率,降低換氣損失,從而達(dá)到提高發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力性、降低燃油消耗及減少廢氣排放的目的。本文以課題組提出的一種新型液壓可變配氣系統(tǒng)為研究對(duì)象,以最大程度地滿足發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)配氣需求,且使氣門運(yùn)動(dòng)具有良好的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)及動(dòng)力學(xué)特性為目標(biāo),以理論研究與試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的方式,對(duì)液壓可變配氣系統(tǒng)的氣門運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律進(jìn)行研究。重點(diǎn)對(duì)液壓可變配氣系統(tǒng)的調(diào)節(jié)方法及參數(shù)與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)最優(yōu)配氣參數(shù)的適應(yīng)性、氣門運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)優(yōu)化等展開研究。主要研究內(nèi)容包括:對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在不同工況下的配氣參數(shù)需求進(jìn)行了分析研究。在建立發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作過程仿真模型基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)配氣相位角、升程等配氣參數(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,獲得了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)不同工況下最優(yōu)配氣參數(shù)的目標(biāo)值,指出了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)可變配氣參數(shù)隨發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工況而變化的趨勢和一般規(guī)律,為可變配氣系統(tǒng)的調(diào)節(jié)方案制定及參數(shù)確定奠定了基礎(chǔ)。對(duì)可變配氣系統(tǒng)氣門調(diào)節(jié)方案進(jìn)行了研究。研究表明:對(duì)于具體的某種可變配氣系統(tǒng),其配氣參數(shù)的調(diào)節(jié)受該系統(tǒng)可實(shí)現(xiàn)的方法、技術(shù)、結(jié)構(gòu)、參數(shù)等限制,一般只能在一定程度上滿足發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)對(duì)配氣參數(shù)變化的需求。根據(jù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)最優(yōu)配氣參數(shù)隨發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工況而變化的趨勢要求,在綜合考慮發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)配氣需求、系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)控制、配氣凸輪設(shè)計(jì)和系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)集成特點(diǎn)等相關(guān)限制條件的基礎(chǔ)上,擬定了液壓可變配氣系統(tǒng)的氣門調(diào)節(jié)方案。與目前應(yīng)用較多的基于凸輪軸相位可變的氣門調(diào)節(jié)方案相比,液壓可變配氣系統(tǒng)氣門調(diào)節(jié)方案更加符合發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)最優(yōu)配氣參數(shù)需求的調(diào)節(jié)方案。建立了液壓可變配氣系統(tǒng)數(shù)學(xué)模型和仿真模型,在充分考慮對(duì)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律影響較大的液壓參數(shù)、結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)等因素的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律及參數(shù)進(jìn)行了數(shù)值仿真。通過與對(duì)應(yīng)的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行的對(duì)比分析表明:仿真與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果吻合度較高,仿真模型、參數(shù)設(shè)置、輸出結(jié)果可信度較高,建立的仿真模型能夠作為下一步氣門運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)分析和優(yōu)化的基礎(chǔ)。根據(jù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)最優(yōu)配氣參數(shù)對(duì)氣門調(diào)節(jié)的要求,以及前期研究試驗(yàn)中存在的問題,對(duì)液壓可變配氣系統(tǒng)氣門運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。研究了針對(duì)液壓可變配氣系統(tǒng)中配氣凸輪的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方法,使凸輪既能滿足氣門調(diào)節(jié)參數(shù)、油液壓縮補(bǔ)償和壓力波動(dòng)控制的要求,又能滿足接觸應(yīng)力、潤滑特性、機(jī)構(gòu)尺寸等要求;研究了氣門彈簧參數(shù)對(duì)氣門調(diào)節(jié)性能的影響,利用系統(tǒng)仿真優(yōu)化了氣門彈簧參數(shù),有效改善了前期研究中出現(xiàn)的氣門動(dòng)力特性、液壓參數(shù)特性、氣門參數(shù)可調(diào)節(jié)性能等不夠合理的問題;研究分析了氣門落座速度和落座相位的影響因素,利用系統(tǒng)仿真優(yōu)化了緩沖機(jī)構(gòu)參數(shù),有效改善了氣門落座特性,使氣門同時(shí)具有較低的落座速度和較小的相位延遲。根據(jù)優(yōu)化結(jié)果對(duì)配氣凸輪、氣門彈簧參數(shù)和落座緩沖機(jī)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了修改,開展了氣門運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律試驗(yàn)研究和性能評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果表明:通過優(yōu)化配氣凸輪型線,降低加速度峰值,有效減小了系統(tǒng)壓力波動(dòng),使系統(tǒng)適用轉(zhuǎn)速提高至5000r/min以上;氣門彈簧參數(shù)優(yōu)化后,改善了系統(tǒng)在較高轉(zhuǎn)速時(shí)的氣門可調(diào)節(jié)性能,保證了系統(tǒng)在低于4500r/min轉(zhuǎn)速范圍內(nèi)對(duì)氣門的有效調(diào)節(jié);優(yōu)化后的緩沖機(jī)構(gòu)在保證較小落座相位延遲的前提下,降低了氣門落座速度和反跳高度,達(dá)到了氣門平穩(wěn)落座的要求。不同轉(zhuǎn)速時(shí)的氣門調(diào)節(jié)試驗(yàn)參數(shù)表明:液壓可變配氣系統(tǒng)可實(shí)現(xiàn)的實(shí)際配氣相位和升程與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)最優(yōu)配氣參數(shù)接近。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)性能預(yù)測結(jié)果表明:液壓可變配氣系統(tǒng)與目前常用的其他可變配氣系統(tǒng)比較,以及與原機(jī)固定配氣系統(tǒng)比較,均具有明顯優(yōu)勢。
[Abstract]:As an important part of the engine, the performance of the valve system will directly affect the power performance, economy and emission level of the engine. In order to reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, a new type of hydraulic variable valve system proposed by our research group is studied in this paper. It aims at satisfying the engine valve requirements to the greatest extent and making the valve movement have good kinematics and dynamics characteristics. The hydraulic system is variable by combining theoretical research with experimental research. The valve motion law of the valve system is studied. The adjustment method of the hydraulic variable valve system and the adaptability of the parameters to the optimal valve parameters of the engine and the optimization of valve motion parameters are emphatically studied. On the basis of the engine working process simulation model, the engine valve timing parameters such as valve timing angle, lift and so on are optimized. The target values of the optimal valve timing parameters under different working conditions are obtained. The trend and general law of the engine variable valve timing parameters changing with the engine operating conditions are pointed out. The regulation scheme for the variable valve timing system is formulated. The research shows that for a specific variable valve system, the adjustment of valve parameters is limited by the method, technology, structure and parameters that can be realized by the system, and generally can only meet the requirements of engine valve parameters to a certain extent. According to the changing trend of the engine's optimal valve parameters with the engine operating conditions, the valve regulation scheme of the hydraulic variable valve system is worked out on the basis of considering the engine's valve requirements, system regulation control, valve cam design and system structure integration characteristics. Compared with the valve regulation scheme with variable axle phase, the valve regulation scheme of the hydraulic variable valve system is more in line with the requirements of the optimal valve distribution parameters of the engine. The simulation results show that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, the simulation model, the parameter settings and the reliability of the output results are high. The simulation model can be used as the basis for the next step of valve motion parameter analysis and optimization. According to the requirement of valve regulation for the optimal valve distribution parameters of the engine and the problems existing in the previous research and test, the valve movement parameters of the hydraulic variable valve distribution system are optimized. The requirements of force fluctuation control can also meet the requirements of contact stress, lubrication characteristics, mechanism size, etc. The influence of valve spring parameters on valve regulating performance is studied, and the valve spring parameters are optimized by system simulation, which effectively improves the valve dynamic characteristics, hydraulic parameters and valve parameters adjustable performance in the previous study. The influence factors of valve settling speed and phase are studied and analyzed, and the parameters of cushioning mechanism are optimized by system simulation, which can effectively improve the valve settling characteristics and make the valve have lower settling speed and less phase delay at the same time. The results show that the system pressure fluctuation is effectively reduced by optimizing valve cam profile, and the suitable speed of the system is increased to more than 5000r/min. After optimizing valve spring parameters, the valve of the system at higher speed is improved. The adjustable performance ensures the valves to be adjusted effectively in the range of less than 4500r/min speed; the optimized buffer mechanism reduces the valve settling speed and rebound height on the premise of ensuring a small settling phase delay, and meets the requirements of valve settling smoothly. The valve adjusting test parameters at different speeds show that the hydraulic pressure is adjustable. The results of engine performance prediction show that the hydraulic variable valve system has obvious advantages over other variable valve systems and the fixed valve system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TH137

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