【摘要】：隨著日益嚴(yán)重的能源危機(jī)和資源約束,利用可再生資源如植物纖維與可生物降解聚合物生產(chǎn)綠色復(fù)合材料的技術(shù)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。在音樂領(lǐng)域,制作聲學(xué)樂器吉他的傳統(tǒng)材料主要是利用桃花心木木質(zhì),而這種珍貴的樹種目前已經(jīng)瀕臨滅絕。所以研究開發(fā)一種可再生和可持續(xù)的材料來替代優(yōu)質(zhì)木材制作聲學(xué)儀器成為研究者們努力的方向。 聚乳酸(PLA)是完全可生物降解高分子材料。同時(shí)其具有優(yōu)良的生物相容性,高強(qiáng)度,可塑性強(qiáng),易加工成型等優(yōu)點(diǎn),是高分子基質(zhì)的合適選擇。植物纖維價(jià)廉,比強(qiáng)度高并可降解,近年來作為增強(qiáng)材料發(fā)展迅速,用來增強(qiáng)聚乳酸,不但可以提高材料的性能,而且賦予復(fù)合材料完全降解性能。植物纖維中,麻纖維的強(qiáng)度和模量?jī)?yōu)于其它植物纖維,也是天然植物纖維中最長(zhǎng)的纖維,因此本論文研究制備了亞麻/大麻纖維增強(qiáng)聚乳酸綠色復(fù)合材料,并對(duì)其在聲學(xué)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行討論。 在本文中,筆者成功開發(fā)出一種采用薄片堆疊方法制成的綠色復(fù)合材料,并制作了不同纖維體積分?jǐn)?shù)和不同的處理方式的亞麻/大麻纖維增強(qiáng)聚乳酸復(fù)合材料。實(shí)驗(yàn)中對(duì)樣品進(jìn)行了拉伸模量,抗彎模量和材料密度等測(cè)試,計(jì)算聲音在材料中的傳播速度；同時(shí)也運(yùn)用電子掃描電鏡來觀察復(fù)合材料斷裂面,分析復(fù)合材料的受力和斷裂現(xiàn)象；并運(yùn)用了動(dòng)態(tài)力學(xué)分析(DMA)測(cè)試,計(jì)算材料的阻尼特性。 所有的測(cè)試結(jié)果顯示,堿處理過的較高纖維體積分?jǐn)?shù)的植物纖維增強(qiáng)聚乳酸復(fù)合材料與桃花心木木材相比,在聲音傳播速度,共鳴和保真度方面與桃花心木木材相似,并且兼具優(yōu)良的機(jī)械性能。 因此,新型亞麻/大麻增強(qiáng)聚乳酸綠色復(fù)合材料,具有環(huán)保,成本低,可持續(xù)的優(yōu)勢(shì),是替代稀有木材的優(yōu)良材料,而且其在聲學(xué)樂器行業(yè)中的應(yīng)用有非常良好的前景。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly serious energy crisis and resource constraints, the technology of using renewable resources such as plant fibers and biodegradable polymers to produce green composite materials emerged as the times require. In music, the traditional material for making acoustic guitars is mahogany wood, a precious species that is now on the verge of extinction. Therefore, the research and development of a renewable and sustainable material to replace high-quality wood making acoustic instruments has become the direction of researchers. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a completely biodegradable polymer material. At the same time, it has the advantages of good biocompatibility, high strength, strong plasticity, easy processing, etc. It is the suitable choice of polymer matrix. Plant fibers are cheap, high specific strength and degradable. In recent years, as reinforcements, they have been developed rapidly and used to strengthen polylactic acid, which can not only improve the properties of the composites, but also endow the composites with complete degradability. In plant fibers, the strength and modulus of hemp fibers are superior to those of other plant fibers, and they are also the longest among the natural plant fibers. In this paper, the flax / hemp fiber reinforced poly (lactic acid) green composites were prepared. Its application in the field of acoustics is also discussed. In this paper, we successfully developed a green composite made by thin sheet stacking, and made flax / hemp fiber reinforced poly (lactic acid) composites with different fiber volume fraction and different treatment methods. The tensile modulus, flexural modulus and material density of the sample were measured to calculate the sound propagation velocity in the material, and the fracture surface of the composite was observed by using the electronic scanning electron microscope. The force and fracture phenomena of the composites are analyzed, and the damping characteristics of the composites are calculated by using dynamic mechanical analysis of (DMA) test. All tests showed that alkali-treated plant fiber reinforced PLA composites with higher fiber volume fraction were similar to mahogany wood in sound propagation speed, resonance and fidelity. And also has excellent mechanical properties. Therefore, new flax / hemp reinforced poly (lactic acid) green composite has the advantages of environmental protection, low cost and sustainable, it is a good substitute for rare wood, and its application in acoustic instrument industry has a very good prospect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TB332;TB51

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本文編號(hào)：2222560