【摘要】：時間是一個基礎物理量,也是目前測量精度最高的物理量。高精度的時間不僅在基礎研究領域有著重要的作用，而且在應用研究、國防和國民經濟建設中都有著普遍應用。精密時間的應用離不開高精度的時間同步技術。傳統(tǒng)的時間同步精度最終會受限于經典測量的散粒噪聲極限。為了使時間同步的精度突破傳統(tǒng)散粒噪聲極限的測量精度限制，量子時間同步的基本概念被提出來。光源在理想的光子數壓縮和頻率一致糾纏狀態(tài)下，所測量的信號脈沖傳播時延的準確度將達到量子力學的海森堡極限---亞皮秒甚至飛秒量級。 量子時間同步廣泛使用頻率糾纏源作為其時間信號的載體，因此量子糾纏源的特性直接影響到最終的同步精度。我們有必要對糾纏源的量子糾纏特性進行完整描述，，通過產生高質量的頻率糾纏源并對其特性進行深入研究，是提高量子時間同步的時間傳遞精度的重要手段之一。 本文主要對自發(fā)參量下轉換過程產生的頻率一致糾纏光源的量子糾纏特性進行了分析。主要的研究內容和研究成果如下： (1)搭建糾纏光源頻譜測量光路，設計自動化控制系統(tǒng)，測量了不同泵浦帶寬條件下的頻譜特性，完成了對頻率一致糾纏光源的量子糾纏特性的表征。根據測量結果計算了糾纏度，為進一步分析糾纏光源所具備的頻率糾纏度與量子時間同步可達到的時間同步精度之間的關系做準備。 (2)將實驗結果與理論計算結果進行比對與分析,兩者具有良好的一致性。驗證了改變泵浦光帶寬對頻率一致糾纏光源的量子糾纏特性的影響。 (3)構建基于光纖鏈路的實驗演示系統(tǒng)，在基于HOM干涉儀的量子時間同步協(xié)議中實現了遠距離傳輸糾纏雙光子；研究了相關控制方法，并在實驗中實現了HOM干涉儀兩臂等長鎖定，保障了后續(xù)實驗研究的順利進行。
[Abstract]:Time is not only a basic physical quantity, but also the most accurate one. High precision time plays an important role not only in the field of basic research, but also in applied research, national defense and national economic construction. The application of precision time can not be separated from high precision time synchronization technology. The traditional time synchronization accuracy will be limited by the classical measurement of the particle noise limit. In order to make the precision of time synchronization break through the limit of measurement precision of traditional shot noise limit, the basic concept of quantum time synchronization has been put forward. In the ideal state of photon number compression and frequency consistent entanglement, the accuracy of the measured signal pulse propagation delay will reach the Heisenberg limit of quantum mechanics, subpicosecond or even femtosecond. The frequency entanglement source is widely used as the carrier of the time signal in quantum time synchronization, so the characteristics of the quantum entanglement source directly affect the final synchronization accuracy. It is necessary for us to describe the quantum entanglement characteristics of entangled source completely. It is one of the important methods to improve the time transfer accuracy of quantum time synchronization by generating high quality frequency entanglement source and deeply studying its characteristics. In this paper, the quantum entanglement characteristics of the frequency consistent entanglement source generated by the spontaneous parametric downconversion process are analyzed. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) the spectrum measurement path of entangled light source is built and an automatic control system is designed to measure the spectrum characteristics under different pump bandwidth. The quantum entanglement properties of the frequency consistent entangled light source have been characterized. Based on the measurement results, the entanglement degree is calculated. In order to further analyze the relationship between the frequency entanglement degree of entangled light source and the time synchronization accuracy that quantum time synchronization can achieve. (2) compare and analyze the experimental results with the theoretical results. There is good consistency between the two. The effects of varying the pump bandwidth on the quantum entanglement characteristics of the frequency-consistent entangled light source are verified. (3) the experimental demonstration system based on fiber link is constructed. In the quantum time synchronization protocol based on HOM interferometer, the long distance transmission of entangled two-photon is realized, the correlation control method is studied, and the equal length locking of the two arms of the HOM interferometer is realized in the experiment, which ensures the smooth progress of the subsequent experimental research.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學院研究生院（國家授時中心）
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB939

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