發(fā)布時間：2018-08-22 10:50

【摘要】：隨著工業(yè)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的不斷擴大,其安全性、穩(wěn)定性和周期性運行顯得更為重要。以國內(nèi)生物發(fā)酵制丁醇工藝過程為研究背景,由于其原料及產(chǎn)物具有易燃易爆、有毒的理化特性,對其展開危險源辨識、預(yù)先危險性分析、化工過程故障診斷和安全評價的綜合研究,對化工行業(yè)的安全生產(chǎn)具有指導意義。(1)介紹了丁醇的性質(zhì)、用途以及特性,講述了幾種生產(chǎn)丁醇的工藝方法和國內(nèi)外生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀,在此基礎(chǔ)上重點研究梭菌發(fā)酵生產(chǎn)生物丁醇的工藝與方法。初步辨識工藝過程中的潛在危險性。(2)在對生物法發(fā)酵制丁醇的生產(chǎn)工藝介紹和生產(chǎn)過程危險性辨識的基礎(chǔ)上,對工藝過程的各個環(huán)節(jié)進行初步的危險性識別、分類,在此辨別、分析的基礎(chǔ)上,進一步對危險源預(yù)處理過程進行PHA分析,指出化工過程存在著火災(zāi)、爆炸、中毒等事故隱患。(3)著重介紹了丁醇精餾過程故障診斷的基本原理與方法,闡述了在化工生產(chǎn)過程應(yīng)用故障診斷的重大意義。對故障診斷方法進行了詳細的分類和特點說明,并以丁醇精餾過程作為具體的研究對象,針對該精餾反應(yīng)的特點及對過程信息獲取情況,應(yīng)用了專家系統(tǒng)故障診斷方法實現(xiàn)對丁醇精餾過程的故障檢測與診斷。(4)基于國內(nèi)外安全評價得到研究現(xiàn)狀,結(jié)合丁醇精餾工藝生產(chǎn)過程的特點,對丁醇精餾過程中的主要危險源進行辨析、分類,分析在丁醇合成過程中起到危害安全的不利因素,對潛在的危害因素進行易燃易爆、有害重大危險源安全評價,并根據(jù)評價結(jié)果提出了控制危險的措施與方法,從而達到安全生產(chǎn)的目的。本文通過對生物法制丁醇工藝過程的安全性研究,為化工行業(yè)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)安全分析與安全評價提供了參考依據(jù)和理論意義。對國內(nèi)外化工行業(yè)領(lǐng)域今后的安全分析、化工過程故障診斷、事故安全評價、事故風險控制以及提高安全管理水平具有現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:With the expansion of industrial production scale, its safety, stability and periodic operation become more important. Based on the domestic biological fermentation process for butanol production, because of its flammable, explosive and toxic physical and chemical properties, the hazard source identification and pre-hazard analysis were carried out for its raw materials and products. The comprehensive research on fault diagnosis and safety evaluation of chemical process is of guiding significance to the safety production of chemical industry. (1) the properties, applications and characteristics of butanol are introduced, and several process methods for the production of butanol and the present production situation at home and abroad are described. On this basis, the process and method of producing biological butanol by Clostridium spp. (2) on the basis of the introduction of the production process of the biological fermentation to produce butanol and the identification of the risk of the production process, the preliminary risk identification and classification of each link of the process are carried out. On the basis of the analysis, the PHA analysis of the pretreatment process of hazard source is carried out, and the hidden dangers of fire, explosion and poisoning in chemical process are pointed out. (3) the basic principle and method of fault diagnosis in butanol distillation process are introduced emphatically. The great significance of application of fault diagnosis in chemical production process is expounded. The methods of fault diagnosis are classified and described in detail, and the butanol distillation process is taken as the specific research object, according to the characteristics of the distillation reaction and the information acquisition of the process. The fault detection and diagnosis of butanol distillation process is realized by using expert system fault diagnosis method. (4) based on the present situation of safety evaluation at home and abroad, combined with the characteristics of the production process of butanol distillation process, The main hazard sources in the process of distillation of butanol were analyzed and classified, and the unfavorable factors which were harmful to the safety in the process of synthesis of butanol were analyzed, and the flammable and explosive potential hazard factors were evaluated, and the safety of the major hazardous sources was evaluated. According to the result of evaluation, the measures and methods of controlling danger are put forward, so as to achieve the goal of safety in production. In this paper, the safety of the biological butanol process is studied, which provides a reference and theoretical significance for the safety analysis and safety evaluation of the chemical industry application system. It is of practical significance for safety analysis, fault diagnosis of chemical process, accident safety evaluation, accident risk control and improvement of safety management level in the field of chemical industry at home and abroad.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ923;TQ028.31

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