【摘要】：靜密封在密封結(jié)構(gòu)中占有重要地位,被廣泛應(yīng)用在航空、航天、車輛、船舶等機(jī)電產(chǎn)品中。長期以來,由于靜密封失效導(dǎo)致的特種車輛等機(jī)電產(chǎn)品中漏油、漏水、漏氣等“三漏”問題一直是困擾企業(yè)的難題,已經(jīng)成為保障產(chǎn)品可靠服役的關(guān)鍵因素之一。本文針對靜密封失效問題,對金屬平面靜密封的機(jī)理及相關(guān)理論、方法進(jìn)行了深入研究。本文的主要研究工作如下:(1)分析了國內(nèi)外在靜密封及其相關(guān)領(lǐng)域上理論、技術(shù)的研究進(jìn)展,指出了目前研究成果存在的問題與不足,并在此基礎(chǔ)上給出了論文的研究框架和研究內(nèi)容。(2)以特種車輛為例分析了靜密封失效的類型、原因和后果等,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了靜密封的基本模型,并對靜密封界面進(jìn)行了逾滲系統(tǒng)建模。(3)為了研究金屬表面在各個尺度的接觸行為,提出了基于確定性模型的粗糙表面各尺度接觸行為分析方法,首先通過設(shè)備實(shí)測得到加工表面的形貌數(shù)據(jù),其次通過小波濾波器對工程表面進(jìn)行多尺度分解,最后采用有限元方法建立各個尺度的確定性接觸模型,研究了實(shí)測表面各尺度分量上無量綱接觸面積隨無量綱法向壓力的變化規(guī)律,發(fā)現(xiàn)不同偽周期的表面分量具有不同的變化規(guī)律;同時研究了材料屬性和加載卸載過程對接觸行為的影響,最后通過求解高斯表面的接觸過程驗(yàn)證了本文確定性模型和所發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律的有效性。(4)針對確定性接觸模型帶來大規(guī)模計算問題,基于FEAP和PETSc研究了預(yù)條件Krylov子空間求解方法,通過采用不同的預(yù)條件子和Krylov子空間法求解大小變化的有限元接觸問題,從求解時間、并行性、存儲空間和穩(wěn)定性方面對不同組合的預(yù)條件Krylov子空間進(jìn)行了研究,得到了求解此類問題較理想的方法。(5)在對密封界面進(jìn)行離散和近似的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種基于柵格滲漏模型的靜密封界面滲漏狀態(tài)預(yù)測模型。首先給出了柵格滲漏模型的構(gòu)建方法,在此基礎(chǔ)上通過大量數(shù)值實(shí)驗(yàn)對密封-滲漏狀態(tài)演變特性進(jìn)行了分析,進(jìn)而建立了靜密封界面狀態(tài)演變曲線的數(shù)學(xué)模型,發(fā)現(xiàn)滲漏發(fā)生的概率在與系統(tǒng)相關(guān)的閾值附近呈現(xiàn)急轉(zhuǎn)變化的規(guī)律,同時研究表明靜密封界面的接觸面積、表面紋理方向等對密封界面的狀態(tài)演變特性有顯著影響。(6)通過求解1000個隨機(jī)網(wǎng)格上形成滲漏通道的Navier-Stokes方程,并結(jié)合所形成滲漏通道的結(jié)構(gòu)特征,研究了在低雷諾數(shù)情況下流體介質(zhì)流經(jīng)密封界面的輸運(yùn)特性和尺度效應(yīng)。數(shù)值試驗(yàn)表明,密封界面上平均滲漏率在次臨界區(qū)和超臨界區(qū)呈現(xiàn)出不同的變化規(guī)律,并且急劇增大的區(qū)間滯后于滲漏概率急轉(zhuǎn)增大的區(qū)間;遠(yuǎn)離逾滲閾值處的和逾滲閾值處的滲漏率的變化規(guī)律存在明顯的差異,逾滲閾值處的平均滲漏率與逾滲系統(tǒng)尺寸呈冪律關(guān)系,并與遠(yuǎn)離逾滲閾值處相比有著更陡的下降趨勢。(7)設(shè)計并開發(fā)了綜合密封實(shí)驗(yàn)臺和多通道墊圈式軸力測量設(shè)備,結(jié)合實(shí)際應(yīng)用設(shè)計靜密封實(shí)驗(yàn),對靜密封性能與規(guī)律進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,對論文所得的結(jié)論進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。
[Abstract]:Static seal plays an important role in sealing structure and is widely used in aerospace, vehicles, ships and other mechanical and electrical products. One of the key factors is the failure of static seal. In this paper, the mechanism and related theories and methods of metal plane static seal are studied deeply. The main research work of this paper is as follows: (1) The theory and technology research progress in static seal and related fields at home and abroad are analyzed, and the existing problems and shortcomings of current research results are pointed out. On this basis, the research framework and contents of this paper are given. (2) Taking special vehicles as an example, the types, causes and consequences of static seal failure are analyzed. On this basis, the basic model of static seal is put forward, and the percolation system model of static seal interface is established. (3) In order to study the contact behavior of metal surface at various scales, the contact behavior of metal surface is proposed. The contact behavior analysis method of rough surface at different scales based on deterministic model is proposed. Firstly, the shape data of machined surface are measured by equipment, and then the engineering surface is decomposed by wavelet filter. Finally, the deterministic contact model of each scale is established by finite element method. The variations of the dimensionless contact area with the dimensionless normal pressure on the components show that the surface components of different pseudo-periods have different variations. The effects of material properties and loading and unloading processes on the contact behavior are also studied. Finally, the deterministic model and the discovered rules are verified by solving the contact process of the Gaussian surface. (4) Aiming at the large-scale computational problems caused by deterministic contact model, the preconditioned Krylov subspace method is studied based on FEAP and PETSc. By using different preconditioners and Krylov subspace methods, the finite element contact problems with varying sizes are solved. The time, parallelism, storage space and stability of the solution are discussed. The preconditioned Krylov subspace with the same combination is studied and an ideal method for solving this problem is obtained. (5) Based on the discretization and approximation of the sealing interface, a prediction model for the leakage state of the static sealing interface is proposed based on the grid leakage model. Through a large number of numerical experiments, the evolution characteristics of seal-leakage state are analyzed, and then the mathematical model of the evolution curve of the static seal interface state is established. It is found that the probability of leakage occurs changes rapidly near the threshold value related to the system. (6) By solving Navier-Stokes equations of seepage passages on 1000 random grids and combining with the structural characteristics of seepage passages, the transport characteristics and scale effects of fluid flow through the sealing interface at low Reynolds number are studied. The upper average seepage rate shows different variation regularity in the subcritical and supercritical regions, and the rapidly increasing interval lags behind the rapidly increasing interval of the seepage probability; the variation regularity of the seepage rate at the distance from the percolation threshold and at the percolation threshold is obviously different, and the average seepage rate at the percolation threshold is in accordance with the size of the percolation system. (7) Designed and developed a comprehensive seal test bench and multi-channel gasket axial force measuring equipment, combined with practical application design static seal experiment, carried out experimental research on static seal performance and law, and verified the conclusions of the paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB42

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