【摘要】：超低速的精確測量在科學研究和工程應(yīng)用中具有重要作用。目前的速度測量多采用激光多普勒測速儀,其原理是運動的物體會產(chǎn)生多普勒頻移,知道頻移就可以測出物體運動的速度。但是,當前的激光多普勒測速儀能夠測量的最低速度有限,大約在um/s級別,對于um/s以下的超低速,現(xiàn)在并沒有行之有效的測量手段。本文提出了一種基于量子弱測量理論的超低速測量方案。具體來說,本文利用量子弱值放大技術(shù),借助激光多普勒效應(yīng)和干涉儀,將超低速運動物體產(chǎn)生的微小多普勒頻移量加以放大并轉(zhuǎn)換為時域內(nèi)的時間間隔進行測量,從而將速度測量的精度提高到um/s。本文利用邁克爾遜干涉儀來實現(xiàn)物體運動引起的多普勒頻移和光脈沖時間間隔的轉(zhuǎn)換,并從理論上推導出運動速度和時間間隔之間的變換關(guān)系式。搭建了實驗系統(tǒng)并完成了速度測量實驗,測量的最低速度達到了0.076um/s。本文為進一步開展超低速的測量提供了更高精度的方法,在理論和實驗設(shè)計上給出了一些參考,進一步拓展了量子弱測量技術(shù)的使用范圍,具有十分重要的工程應(yīng)用和科學研究價值。
[Abstract]:The accurate measurement of ultra-low speed plays an important role in scientific research and engineering application. At present, laser Doppler velocimeter is widely used in velocity measurement. The principle is that the moving object will produce Doppler frequency shift, and the velocity of moving object can be measured by knowing the frequency shift. However, the current laser Doppler velocimeter can measure the minimum velocity is limited, about the um/s level, for the ultra-low speed below um/s, there is no effective measurement method. In this paper, a scheme of ultra-low speed measurement based on quantum weak measurement theory is proposed. Specifically, using the technique of quantum weak value amplification, using laser Doppler effect and interferometer, the micro-Doppler frequency shift produced by ultra-low speed moving object is amplified and converted to the time interval in time domain for measurement. Thus, the accuracy of velocity measurement is improved to um / s. In this paper, a Michelson interferometer is used to realize the conversion of Doppler frequency shift and optical pulse time interval caused by the motion of an object, and the relationship between velocity and time interval is derived theoretically. The experimental system was set up and the velocity measurement experiment was completed. The lowest velocity was 0.076 um / s. This paper provides a more accurate method for the further development of ultra-low speed measurement, gives some references in theory and experimental design, and further expands the scope of application of quantum weak measurement technology. It has very important engineering application and scientific research value.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TB9;O413

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本文編號：2179582