【摘要】：自主研發(fā)的紙紗復(fù)合袋糊底機作為一種用于生產(chǎn)水泥袋、食品袋等粉(顆粒)狀物品紙紗包裝袋的包裝機械具有很好的市場前景。依靠經(jīng)驗設(shè)計的各個部件的性能是未知的,并且設(shè)計方案也無法確保是最優(yōu)的。隨著機械行業(yè)和虛擬樣機技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展,采用CAD/CAE等現(xiàn)代設(shè)計方法來驗證和改進(jìn)設(shè)計產(chǎn)品的力學(xué)性能已成為機械產(chǎn)品研發(fā)設(shè)計的主流。本研究為預(yù)測和提升自主研發(fā)的紙紗復(fù)合袋糊底機的力學(xué)特性,利用有限元靜動態(tài)分析技術(shù)和現(xiàn)代結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化技術(shù)對糊底機關(guān)鍵部件中的機架和托輥部件進(jìn)行了靜力分析和模態(tài)分析,對托輥部件還進(jìn)行了疲勞分析和優(yōu)化設(shè)計。主要研究內(nèi)容如下:根據(jù)設(shè)計圖紙和要求建立機架和托輥部件的三維模型,并在有限元軟件中完成靜力特性研究,驗證了機架和托輥部件的結(jié)構(gòu)性能。由分析結(jié)果知機架設(shè)計合理,滿足現(xiàn)場要求。同時托輥部件最薄弱部位搖臂,雖滿足強度要求,但應(yīng)力富裕,有進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化空間。以擬合得到結(jié)構(gòu)材料的S-N曲線和疲勞分析理論為基礎(chǔ),采用名義應(yīng)力法對托輥部件進(jìn)行疲勞分析。根據(jù)分析結(jié)果知托輥部件疲勞壽命最薄弱部位位于搖臂上,該結(jié)果為托輥部件搖臂的改進(jìn)優(yōu)化提供指導(dǎo)和依據(jù)。在靜力和疲勞分析的基礎(chǔ)上,引入靈敏度分析方法確定托輥部件搖臂的優(yōu)化設(shè)計變量,以等效應(yīng)力小于117.5MPa為約束條件,搖臂質(zhì)量、疲勞安全系數(shù)和等效應(yīng)力為優(yōu)化目標(biāo)建立搖臂優(yōu)化設(shè)計的數(shù)學(xué)模型�；贒OE(Design of Experiment)試驗設(shè)計方法建立設(shè)計變量與優(yōu)化目標(biāo)之間關(guān)系的響應(yīng)面模型,采用多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化算法完成了搖臂的優(yōu)化設(shè)計,優(yōu)化效果顯著。并根據(jù)優(yōu)化結(jié)果完成試制試驗。結(jié)果表明優(yōu)化后的托輥部件力學(xué)性能提升顯著,滿足現(xiàn)場要求。對機架、優(yōu)化后的托輥部件及搖臂進(jìn)行有限元模態(tài)分析,分別得到機架、托輥部件及搖臂的固有頻率和模態(tài)振型。由分析結(jié)果得,部件的低階模態(tài)頻率避開了外界激勵源工作頻率,不會發(fā)生共振現(xiàn)象。但機架的低階頻率較低,易受其他外界影響,為進(jìn)一步提高其性能,完善設(shè)計,根據(jù)機架振型結(jié)果,為二代糊底機設(shè)計提出了參考意見。對搖臂進(jìn)行了試驗?zāi)B(tài),得到其固有頻率及模態(tài)振型,并與有限元模態(tài)分析結(jié)果作比,驗證的了有限元分析方法,進(jìn)一步為有限元仿真結(jié)果的可靠性提供了支撐。
[Abstract]:The paper yarn compound bag paste bottom machine developed by ourselves has a good market prospect as a kind of packing machine used for producing cement bag, food bag and other powder (grain) article paper yarn packing bag. The performance of each component based on empirical design is unknown and the design scheme is not guaranteed to be optimal. With the rapid development of mechanical industry and virtual prototyping technology, using modern design methods such as CAD/CAE to verify and improve the mechanical properties of design products has become the mainstream of mechanical product research and design. The purpose of this study is to predict and improve the mechanical properties of the paper yarn composite bag paste machine. The static analysis and modal analysis of the frame and roller parts in the key parts of the bottom paste machine were carried out by using the finite element static and dynamic analysis technology and the modern structure optimization technology. The fatigue analysis and optimization design of the roller parts were also carried out. The main research contents are as follows: according to the design drawings and requirements, the three-dimensional model of the frame and roller parts is established, and the static characteristics of the frame and the roller parts are studied in the finite element software, which verifies the structural performance of the rack and the roller parts. The results show that the design of the rack is reasonable and meets the requirements of the site. At the same time, the rocker arm of the weakest part of the roller parts meets the strength requirements, but the stress is rich, and there is room for further optimization. On the basis of fitting S-N curve and fatigue analysis theory of structural materials, the nominal stress method is used to analyze the fatigue of roller parts. According to the analysis results, the weakest part of the fatigue life of the roller component is located on the rocker arm, which provides guidance and basis for the improvement and optimization of the rocker arm of the roller component. On the basis of static and fatigue analysis, the sensitivity analysis method is introduced to determine the optimum design variables of rocker arm of roller parts. With the constraint condition of equivalent stress less than 117.5MPa, the rocker arm mass is determined. The optimum design model of rocker arm is established by fatigue safety factor and equivalent stress. Based on the DOE (Design of Experiment) experimental design method, the response surface model of the relationship between the design variables and the optimization objectives is established, and the optimization design of the rocker arm is completed by using the multi-objective optimization algorithm, and the optimization effect is remarkable. According to the optimization results, the trial production test was completed. The results show that the mechanical properties of the optimized roller parts are improved significantly and meet the requirements of the field. The finite element modal analysis of the frame, the optimized roller parts and the rocker arm is carried out, and the natural frequencies and modal modes of the frame, the roller parts and the rocker arm are obtained respectively. The analysis results show that the low-order mode frequency of the component avoids the external excitation source working frequency and does not occur resonance phenomenon. However, the lower frequency of the frame is lower, and it is easy to be affected by other external factors. In order to further improve its performance and perfect the design, according to the results of the vibration model of the frame, the paper puts forward some reference suggestions for the design of the second generation base paste machine. The experimental mode of rocker arm is carried out, and the natural frequency and modal mode are obtained, and compared with the results of finite element modal analysis, the finite element analysis method is verified, which provides further support for the reliability of finite element simulation results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB486

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