顆粒物質(zhì)斜槽流動(dòng)和雙倉(cāng)振動(dòng)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-24 19:14
【摘要】：顆粒物質(zhì)是大量的宏觀粒徑大于微米的固體顆粒的聚集,是與連續(xù)態(tài)物質(zhì)相區(qū)別的另一大類物質(zhì)形態(tài),往往表現(xiàn)出體系內(nèi)部異質(zhì)不均結(jié)構(gòu)、整體對(duì)力非線性響應(yīng)等特點(diǎn),并發(fā)生無(wú)序到無(wú)序、unjam到j(luò)ammed等結(jié)構(gòu)變化,是凝聚態(tài)物理前沿研究領(lǐng)域和新增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。顆粒體系為遠(yuǎn)離平衡態(tài)的耗散體系,其造成系統(tǒng)能量損失的主要原因是：顆粒之間的相互作用以非彈碰撞和摩擦為主。因此維持體系的運(yùn)動(dòng)就要依靠外部的能量輸入,常見(jiàn)的驅(qū)動(dòng)形式有重力、撞擊、激振、剪切等。在這些外加的作用下,系統(tǒng)會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出類似于固體、液體及氣體的特性,而顆粒物質(zhì)自身離散的特性又使它們跟連續(xù)介質(zhì)形態(tài)有很大的差異。以至于有的學(xué)者建議將顆粒物質(zhì)看做除了傳統(tǒng)的固體、液體、氣體以外的“第四種物質(zhì)聚集形態(tài)”。 顆粒物質(zhì)的系統(tǒng)尺度可以從微米以上跨越六個(gè)量級(jí),因此在自然界、工程實(shí)踐和人類生產(chǎn)生活中廣泛存在。顆粒物質(zhì)的研究涉及多個(gè)領(lǐng)域：工農(nóng)業(yè)、建筑業(yè)、制造業(yè)、醫(yī)藥食品業(yè)等。許多自然現(xiàn)象(山體滑坡、浮冰流、雪崩等)和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程(散態(tài)物質(zhì)的輸運(yùn)、加工等)也與顆粒物質(zhì)的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律密切相關(guān)。因此,對(duì)顆粒物質(zhì)的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律的探究具有重要的社會(huì)效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值。 本文主要針對(duì)顆粒物質(zhì)類液和類氣特性設(shè)計(jì)了顆粒流動(dòng)和振動(dòng)試驗(yàn),并通過(guò)試驗(yàn)觀察、理論建模和計(jì)算模擬相結(jié)合的手段對(duì)其特性進(jìn)行分析。希望對(duì)理解顆粒物質(zhì)在非靜態(tài)條件下的物理特性提供一些有益的借鑒,對(duì)工程上顆粒物質(zhì)的管道輸送、多道匯聚、流量?jī)?yōu)化等問(wèn)題提供一些理論性的指導(dǎo)。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容有： 考慮到實(shí)際的顆粒運(yùn)輸管道往往是受多個(gè)瓶頸的制約(比如出口收縮、管道拐彎等),我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了雙瓶頸斜槽流實(shí)驗(yàn),用來(lái)研究多瓶頸對(duì)系統(tǒng)相變和流量的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)中,系統(tǒng)發(fā)生了稀疏流一密集流的相轉(zhuǎn)變。在相變過(guò)程中,出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)稀疏態(tài)和密集態(tài)都可能存在的雙穩(wěn)區(qū)域。我們對(duì)雙穩(wěn)現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)的原因進(jìn)行了研究。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)是入口初始流量波動(dòng)和上下瓶頸共同作用的結(jié)果。我們引入了復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)方法對(duì)初始儲(chǔ)料倉(cāng)內(nèi)堆積顆粒的力網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)疏松堆積和密集堆積對(duì)系統(tǒng)初始流量的影響。再通過(guò)對(duì)上下瓶頸進(jìn)行離散元模擬,成功得到雙穩(wěn)發(fā)生的范圍,模擬結(jié)果跟實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果一致。最后,我們研究了槽道傾角對(duì)系統(tǒng)的影響,并給出優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)流量的建議。 顆粒流與車輛交通流有許多相似的物理特性,我們做了一個(gè)雙道匯聚的顆粒斜槽實(shí)驗(yàn),來(lái)類比車輛交通中匝道進(jìn)入主道的情形。通過(guò)主(側(cè))道比側(cè)(主)道寬兩組不同的對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)兩道的入口流量不同可以使系統(tǒng)發(fā)生從稀疏到密集的相轉(zhuǎn)變,并且存在四個(gè)相態(tài)。這點(diǎn)跟車輛交通流中的匝道系統(tǒng)有相似之處。對(duì)雙道流量變化進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)兩組不同情況下,出口流量會(huì)出現(xiàn)一次或兩次流量突降,這種現(xiàn)象在交通流中未被發(fā)現(xiàn),可能是顆粒流的獨(dú)特現(xiàn)象。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn),我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)匯聚區(qū)域存在一個(gè)發(fā)生稀疏流到密集流轉(zhuǎn)變的臨界體積分?jǐn)?shù)(?)＝0.63±0.03。兩道匯聚的研究希望對(duì)多道(N3)顆粒流匯聚問(wèn)題的研究提供一定的借鑒。 顆粒物質(zhì)受激振動(dòng)會(huì)表現(xiàn)出類氣特性,系統(tǒng)內(nèi)顆粒之間碰撞頻繁,非線性、耗散性尤為突出,其中一種具體表現(xiàn)是顆粒聚簇(clustering)和顆粒時(shí)鐘(GranularClock)現(xiàn)象。我們先對(duì)之前學(xué)者關(guān)于顆粒氣體雙倉(cāng)振動(dòng)體系的研究進(jìn)行概述,接著介紹我們新發(fā)現(xiàn)的顆粒雙倉(cāng)振動(dòng)中的聚簇一顆粒時(shí)鐘(GC-Clustering)共存現(xiàn)象。當(dāng)我們把雙倉(cāng)容器寬度增大以后,系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)了水平偏析現(xiàn)象,并且此偏析存在兩種不同模式,導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)顆粒時(shí)鐘態(tài)或者聚簇態(tài)。這兩種狀態(tài)是在同一個(gè)振動(dòng)強(qiáng)度下隨機(jī)發(fā)生的,從實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察結(jié)果來(lái)看呈現(xiàn)一種“跳跳停停”的現(xiàn)象。我們對(duì)此問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的研究,通過(guò)改變顆粒數(shù)目比、半徑比、盒子寬度等試驗(yàn)條件找出了聚簇一顆粒時(shí)鐘現(xiàn)象的存在區(qū)域,并引入了一個(gè)單位時(shí)間轉(zhuǎn)換概率P修正了一般的顆粒雙倉(cāng)系統(tǒng)的Flux Model,定性的重現(xiàn)了該實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象。此部分工作對(duì)顆粒氣體非線性特性和顆粒系統(tǒng)的隨機(jī)性進(jìn)行了有益的探索。 本文研究了顆粒物質(zhì)的流動(dòng)和振動(dòng)兩個(gè)主要方面的動(dòng)態(tài)特性問(wèn)題,較側(cè)重于顆粒物質(zhì)的獨(dú)特動(dòng)態(tài)行為和其非線性物理特性。通過(guò)本文的研究,進(jìn)一步加深了對(duì)顆粒物質(zhì)系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜性機(jī)理的認(rèn)識(shí),并對(duì)自然界和實(shí)際工程中涉及的顆粒物質(zhì)的加工和輸運(yùn)問(wèn)題提供有益的借鑒。
[Abstract]:Particulate matter is the aggregation of a large number of solid particles with a macro particle size larger than the micron. It is another large type of substance which is different from the continuous state matter. It often shows the heterogeneity of the structure in the system, the overall response to the force nonlinear response, and the disorder to disorder, unjam to jammed, and so on. It is the research of the condensed matter physics. The field and the new growth point. The particle system is a dissipative system which is far from the equilibrium state. The main cause of the system energy loss is that the interaction between particles is dominated by non elastic collisions and friction. Therefore, the movement of the maintenance system depends on the external energy input, and the common driving forms are gravity, impact, excitation, shear, etc. In addition, the system presents the characteristics similar to the solid, liquid and gas, and the discrete characteristics of the particles make them very different from the continuous medium. Some scholars suggest that the particles be regarded as the "fourth substance aggregation forms" other than the traditional solid, liquid and gas.
The systematic scale of particulate matter can span six orders of magnitude above the micron, so it exists widely in nature, engineering practice and human life. The research of particulate matter involves many fields: industry, agriculture, construction, manufacturing, medicine and food. Many natural phenomena (landslides, floating ice flows, avalanches, etc.) and industrial processes The movement of particulate matter is closely related to the movement of particulate matter. Therefore, it is of great social and economic value to explore the movement of particulate matter.
In this paper, the particle flow and vibration test are designed for the liquid and gas like properties of particles. The characteristics are analyzed by means of experimental observation, theoretical modeling and calculation simulation. It is hoped to provide some useful reference for understanding the physical properties of granular materials under non static conditions, and to the particle material in engineering. It provides some theoretical guidance for pipeline transportation, multi-channel convergence and flow optimization.
Considering that the actual particle transport pipeline is often restricted by multiple bottlenecks (such as exit contraction, pipe turning, etc.), we designed a double bottleneck flow experiment to study the effect of multiple bottlenecks on the phase change and flow of the system. In the experiment, a phase transition of a dense flow of sparse flow is taken place in the experiment. In the process of phase transition, a dilute occurs. We have studied the causes of the bistable phenomenon. We find that the initial flow fluctuation and the upper and lower bottlenecks are the result of the joint effect. We introduce the complex network method to analyze the force network of the accumulated particles in the initial storage bin, and find loose accumulation and dense heap. The effect of the product on the initial flow of the system. Then through the discrete element simulation of the upper and lower bottlenecks, the range of the bistability is successfully obtained. The simulation results are in agreement with the experimental results. Finally, we study the influence of the slot angle on the system, and give a suggestion to optimize the flow of the system.
There are many similar physical characteristics between the particle flow and the vehicle traffic flow. We have done a double channel converged granular slots experiment to compare the ramp into the main road in vehicle traffic. Through the two different comparison experiments of the main (side) side (main) path width, it is found that the difference in the inlet flow of the two channels can cause the system to occur from sparse to dense. Phase transition, and there are four phase states. This is similar to the ramp system in the traffic flow. Analysis of the two channel flow changes shows that the flow rate will occur once or two times under the two different conditions. This phenomenon is not found in the traffic flow and may be a unique phenomenon of the particle flow. Through experiments, we It is also found that there is a critical volume fraction (?) (?) = 0.63 + 0.03. two channel convergence of a sparse flow to dense flow transition in the aggregation region, and hopes to provide some reference for the study of the problem of multichannel (N3) particle flow convergence.
The stimulated vibration of particulate matter will show gas like characteristics. The collisions between particles in the system are frequent, nonlinear and dissipative, and one of them is particle cluster (clustering) and particle clock (GranularClock). First, we summarize the previous scholars' research on the dual chamber vibration system of particle gas, and then introduce it. We found the coexistence of cluster and particle clock (GC-Clustering) in the newly discovered particle double chamber vibration. When we increase the width of the double chamber container, the system appears horizontal segregation phenomenon, and there are two different modes in the system, which leads to the emergence of the particle clock state or the cluster state. The two states are in the same vibration intensity. At random, we present a "jump stop" phenomenon from the experimental observation results. We have studied the problem in detail. By changing the particle number ratio, the radius ratio, the box width and other experimental conditions, we found the existence region of the cluster one particle clock phenomenon, and introduced a unit time conversion probability P correction. The Flux Model of the general particle double chamber system reproduces the experimental phenomenon qualitatively. This part of the work makes a useful exploration of the nonlinear characteristics of the particle gas and the randomness of the particle system.
In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of the two main aspects of the flow and vibration of particulate matter are studied, which are more focused on the unique dynamic behavior and the nonlinear physical properties of the particles. Through this study, the understanding of the complex mechanism of the granular material system is further deepened, and the particulate matter involved in the natural and practical engineering is also discussed. It provides a useful reference for the processing and transportation problems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TB53
本文編號(hào)：2142372
[Abstract]:Particulate matter is the aggregation of a large number of solid particles with a macro particle size larger than the micron. It is another large type of substance which is different from the continuous state matter. It often shows the heterogeneity of the structure in the system, the overall response to the force nonlinear response, and the disorder to disorder, unjam to jammed, and so on. It is the research of the condensed matter physics. The field and the new growth point. The particle system is a dissipative system which is far from the equilibrium state. The main cause of the system energy loss is that the interaction between particles is dominated by non elastic collisions and friction. Therefore, the movement of the maintenance system depends on the external energy input, and the common driving forms are gravity, impact, excitation, shear, etc. In addition, the system presents the characteristics similar to the solid, liquid and gas, and the discrete characteristics of the particles make them very different from the continuous medium. Some scholars suggest that the particles be regarded as the "fourth substance aggregation forms" other than the traditional solid, liquid and gas.
The systematic scale of particulate matter can span six orders of magnitude above the micron, so it exists widely in nature, engineering practice and human life. The research of particulate matter involves many fields: industry, agriculture, construction, manufacturing, medicine and food. Many natural phenomena (landslides, floating ice flows, avalanches, etc.) and industrial processes The movement of particulate matter is closely related to the movement of particulate matter. Therefore, it is of great social and economic value to explore the movement of particulate matter.
In this paper, the particle flow and vibration test are designed for the liquid and gas like properties of particles. The characteristics are analyzed by means of experimental observation, theoretical modeling and calculation simulation. It is hoped to provide some useful reference for understanding the physical properties of granular materials under non static conditions, and to the particle material in engineering. It provides some theoretical guidance for pipeline transportation, multi-channel convergence and flow optimization.
Considering that the actual particle transport pipeline is often restricted by multiple bottlenecks (such as exit contraction, pipe turning, etc.), we designed a double bottleneck flow experiment to study the effect of multiple bottlenecks on the phase change and flow of the system. In the experiment, a phase transition of a dense flow of sparse flow is taken place in the experiment. In the process of phase transition, a dilute occurs. We have studied the causes of the bistable phenomenon. We find that the initial flow fluctuation and the upper and lower bottlenecks are the result of the joint effect. We introduce the complex network method to analyze the force network of the accumulated particles in the initial storage bin, and find loose accumulation and dense heap. The effect of the product on the initial flow of the system. Then through the discrete element simulation of the upper and lower bottlenecks, the range of the bistability is successfully obtained. The simulation results are in agreement with the experimental results. Finally, we study the influence of the slot angle on the system, and give a suggestion to optimize the flow of the system.
There are many similar physical characteristics between the particle flow and the vehicle traffic flow. We have done a double channel converged granular slots experiment to compare the ramp into the main road in vehicle traffic. Through the two different comparison experiments of the main (side) side (main) path width, it is found that the difference in the inlet flow of the two channels can cause the system to occur from sparse to dense. Phase transition, and there are four phase states. This is similar to the ramp system in the traffic flow. Analysis of the two channel flow changes shows that the flow rate will occur once or two times under the two different conditions. This phenomenon is not found in the traffic flow and may be a unique phenomenon of the particle flow. Through experiments, we It is also found that there is a critical volume fraction (?) (?) = 0.63 + 0.03. two channel convergence of a sparse flow to dense flow transition in the aggregation region, and hopes to provide some reference for the study of the problem of multichannel (N3) particle flow convergence.
The stimulated vibration of particulate matter will show gas like characteristics. The collisions between particles in the system are frequent, nonlinear and dissipative, and one of them is particle cluster (clustering) and particle clock (GranularClock). First, we summarize the previous scholars' research on the dual chamber vibration system of particle gas, and then introduce it. We found the coexistence of cluster and particle clock (GC-Clustering) in the newly discovered particle double chamber vibration. When we increase the width of the double chamber container, the system appears horizontal segregation phenomenon, and there are two different modes in the system, which leads to the emergence of the particle clock state or the cluster state. The two states are in the same vibration intensity. At random, we present a "jump stop" phenomenon from the experimental observation results. We have studied the problem in detail. By changing the particle number ratio, the radius ratio, the box width and other experimental conditions, we found the existence region of the cluster one particle clock phenomenon, and introduced a unit time conversion probability P correction. The Flux Model of the general particle double chamber system reproduces the experimental phenomenon qualitatively. This part of the work makes a useful exploration of the nonlinear characteristics of the particle gas and the randomness of the particle system.
In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of the two main aspects of the flow and vibration of particulate matter are studied, which are more focused on the unique dynamic behavior and the nonlinear physical properties of the particles. Through this study, the understanding of the complex mechanism of the granular material system is further deepened, and the particulate matter involved in the natural and practical engineering is also discussed. It provides a useful reference for the processing and transportation problems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TB53
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