發(fā)布時間：2018-06-30 19:15

  本文選題：防霧 + 仿生��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：玻璃等透明材料廣泛應(yīng)用于人民日常生活、工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、科研開發(fā)、軍事、航空等領(lǐng)域，然而其表面的霧化現(xiàn)象會大大降低其透射率，給人們的工作和生活帶來諸多不便。另外，金屬材料表面的霧化現(xiàn)象也會加快材料表面的銹蝕，減少其使用壽命。因此，研制一種結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、便于大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的防霧材料，已成為當(dāng)前亟需解決的重要課題。 本文通過對昆蟲復(fù)眼防霧性能測試所需霧場環(huán)境的分析，利用超聲波空氣加濕器、PTFE管、固定裝置、體視顯微鏡等裝置和儀器，設(shè)計并組裝了能夠產(chǎn)生恒溫霧粒的防霧測試試驗臺。然后，利用此試驗臺對通過燈光誘捕和掃捕等方法采集的昆蟲復(fù)眼樣本，進行了防霧性能測試，并利用JSM-5600型掃描電子顯微鏡和Stemi2000-C體視顯微鏡對其復(fù)眼結(jié)構(gòu)進行了顯微觀察，篩選出具有獨特防霧性能，并且表面結(jié)構(gòu)十分簡單的腹色蜉復(fù)眼作為研究對象。 通過對腹色蜉生活習(xí)性和生長發(fā)育等特征的研究，，確定了腹色蜉樣本的采集方式、保存方法、飼養(yǎng)裝置及飼養(yǎng)時的注意事項。通過對其他近水環(huán)境中生存的昆蟲的生活習(xí)性和生長特征的研究，并參照其防霧特性的測試結(jié)果，確定選擇草蛉、豆娘和蚊子復(fù)眼的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和防霧特性作為比較依據(jù)，這是由于豆娘的生存環(huán)境和發(fā)育方式與蜉蝣最為相近，但其復(fù)眼的防霧特性卻沒有腹色蜉那么明顯，在機理分析時可用作反向?qū)Ρ�。為了排除整個復(fù)眼外形的影響，本文引入復(fù)眼外部形貌與豆娘最為相近的只是尺寸不同的草蛉復(fù)眼。 本文還選用已經(jīng)被報道過的具有明顯防霧作用的蚊子復(fù)眼，作為類比分析。由這幾種昆蟲復(fù)眼的SEM圖片和原子力顯微鏡測試結(jié)果，發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的復(fù)眼都是由無數(shù)個微米級的小眼組成，最大的不同之處在于，豆娘和草蛉的復(fù)眼小眼均呈六方形微凸狀，突起高度不大于4μm，并且每個小眼周圍緊密排列，相鄰兩個小眼之間留有的空隙非常小，而蜉蝣和蚊子復(fù)眼小眼均呈半球體狀，直徑分別是25-30μm左右，兩兩相切的緊密排列，均勻地分布在復(fù)眼表面。 在對觀測到的復(fù)眼微結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)進行分析的基礎(chǔ)上，本文采用CATIA軟件，建立了兩種復(fù)眼結(jié)構(gòu)的三維和二維模型，并揭示腹色蜉復(fù)眼防霧的機理，即在噴霧處理時，腹色蜉復(fù)眼的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)能夠使水滴在其表面形成一層穩(wěn)固的水膜。正是由于這層水膜的存在，液滴在其表面以極快的速度鋪展開，而不會出現(xiàn)霧化現(xiàn)象。最后利用接觸角測量儀，通過附著法測試試驗，證明了噴霧后的腹色蜉復(fù)眼表面水膜的存在。 由于腹色蜉復(fù)眼結(jié)構(gòu)與現(xiàn)有報道中所涉及的防霧功能材料的結(jié)構(gòu)相比尺寸較大，結(jié)構(gòu)卻非常簡單，所以該研究為結(jié)構(gòu)簡單的微米級防霧功能表面的設(shè)計，提供了新的思路，有望應(yīng)用于復(fù)眼透鏡、醫(yī)療器械內(nèi)窺鏡防霧以及減少金屬材料表面液體銹蝕等領(lǐng)域，并且為批量生產(chǎn)提供更大的可能性。
[Abstract]:Transparent materials such as glass are widely used in people's daily life, industrial and agricultural production, scientific research and development, military affairs, aviation and other fields. However, the atomization phenomenon on the surface of glass will greatly reduce its transmittance, and bring a lot of inconvenience to people's work and life. In addition, the atomization of metal surface will accelerate the corrosion of material surface and reduce its service life. Therefore, developing a kind of antifogging material, which is simple in structure and convenient for mass production, has become an important subject that needs to be solved. In this paper, by analyzing the fog field environment needed for anti-fogging performance test of insect compound eye, using ultrasonic air humidifier, PTFE tube, fixing device, stereoscopic microscope and other devices and instruments, An anti-fogging test rig was designed and assembled to produce constant temperature aerosol particles. Then, the anti-fogging performance of insect compound eye samples collected by light trapping and scavenging was tested, and the structure of compound eye was observed by means of JSM-5600 scanning electron microscope and Stemi2000-C stereoscopic microscope. The compound eyes with unique antifogging property and very simple surface structure were selected as the research object. Based on the study of the characteristics of life habits and growth and development, the collection methods, preservation methods, feeding devices and points for attention of the samples of the appellants were determined. Based on the study of the living habits and growth characteristics of other insects living in near water environment and the test results of their antifogging properties, the microstructures and antifogging characteristics of the compound eyes of lacewings, lentils and mosquitoes were selected as the basis for comparison. This is due to the fact that the living environment and developmental pattern of the hyacinth are most similar to those of the mayfly, but the antifogging property of the compound eye is not as obvious as that of the amochroma. It can be used as a reverse contrast in the mechanism analysis. In order to exclude the influence of the appearance of the whole compound eye, only the different size of the compound eye is the most close to the external morphology of the compound eye. The mosquito compound eye with obvious antifogging effect has been reported as analogies. From the SEM images of the compound eyes of these insects and the results of atomic force microscopy, it was found that their compound eyes were made up of numerous micrometer-sized small eyes. The biggest difference was that the compound eyes of the lentilacea and the lacewing were both hexagonal and convex. The height of the protuberance is not more than 4 渭 m, and each eye is closely arranged around it. The gap between the two adjacent eyes is very small, while the diameters of the ephemera and the mosquito compound eye are semi-globular, and the diameters are about 25-30 渭 m. Evenly distributed on the surface of the compound eye. Based on the analysis of the observed microstructures of compound eyes, two 3D and two-dimensional models of compound eye structures were established by using CATIA software, and the anti-fog mechanism of the compound eye was revealed, that is, in spray treatment. The special structure of the compound eye enables the water droplets to form a stable water film on its surface. It is precisely because of the existence of the film that the droplets spread out at a very fast speed on the surface without atomization. Finally, the existence of water film on the surface of the compound eye of the sprayed wasp was proved by using the contact angle measuring instrument and the attachment test. Because the structure of compound eye of Triptophynchus macrocephalus is larger in size than that of the antifogging functional material in current reports, but the structure is very simple, so this study provides a new idea for the design of micron antifogging functional surface with simple structure. It is expected to be used in the fields of compound eye lens, medical device endoscope, antifogging, reducing surface corrosion of metal material, and providing more possibility for mass production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB34;TB17

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