本文選題：NAPL + 一維土柱　； 參考：《天津大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著工業(yè)化進(jìn)程的加快,有機(jī)物對(duì)地下環(huán)境的污染已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)全球性的問題。進(jìn)入地下環(huán)境的有機(jī)物會(huì)通過不斷溶解過程形成大范圍的、持久的污染源。而在有機(jī)污染物修復(fù)方面,很多技術(shù)如表面活性劑沖洗等依靠溶解過程實(shí)現(xiàn)有機(jī)物的稀釋去除,因而溶解過程往往是非水相流體(NAPL)地下環(huán)境污染遷移的關(guān)鍵。到目前為止,關(guān)于NAPL在地下環(huán)境中溶解傳質(zhì)機(jī)制的研究尚不完全,因此本文主要研究NAPL在飽和多孔介質(zhì)內(nèi)溶解傳質(zhì)過程,為污染防治提供理論指導(dǎo)。本文首先測(cè)定了與NAPL溶解過程相關(guān)的參數(shù):介質(zhì)滲透率和吸附性。結(jié)果表明,介質(zhì)尺寸越小滲透系數(shù)越小;石英砂對(duì)甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)吸附類型符合線性平衡吸附與Freundlich平衡吸附,并且介質(zhì)尺寸越小,吸附能力越強(qiáng)。本文利用自制的一維土柱研究MTBE溶解動(dòng)力學(xué),結(jié)果表明,水相流速提高可以促進(jìn)MTBE溶解;初始飽和度越大,MTBE初始溶出濃度越低,完全溶出時(shí)間越長(zhǎng);介質(zhì)尺寸減小可以形成較多小尺寸NAPL,從而促進(jìn)MTBE溶解。進(jìn)一步通過關(guān)聯(lián)的溶解動(dòng)力學(xué)表達(dá)式可以看出,當(dāng)飽和度小于0.3000時(shí),介質(zhì)尺寸和NAPL飽和度明顯影響MTBE溶解,而飽和度為0.30000.5482時(shí),水相流速對(duì)溶解過程起到主要作用。對(duì)于多組分NAPL溶解實(shí)驗(yàn),溶解度較低的對(duì)二甲苯與三氯乙烯共存時(shí)對(duì)MTBE的溶解有促進(jìn)作用,而共存的溶解度很大的乙醇與MTBE為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)溶解。最后利用自制的實(shí)驗(yàn)室小型二維砂箱探索了各參數(shù)對(duì)MTBE溶解的影響。結(jié)果表明,二維砂箱中流出口溶解規(guī)律與一維實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果近似,而作為表征污染源區(qū)內(nèi)瞬時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)的取樣口溶出濃度,溶解過程與流出口有差異,其中顯著差別為初始飽和度越大,溶出濃度越大。不同溶液對(duì)MTBE溶解過程表明:非離子型表面活性劑Tween 80和助溶劑乙醇可以促進(jìn)MTBE溶解;陰離子表面活性劑SDBS沒有增強(qiáng)MTBE遷移反而延緩了MTBE溶解;MTBE去除率80%以前,增溶效果的順序依次為:非離子型表面活性劑Tween 80助溶劑乙醇水陰離子表面活性劑SDBS。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of industrialization, organic pollution to underground environment has become a global problem. Organic matter entering the underground environment forms a large, persistent source of pollution through continuous dissolution. In the remediation of organic pollutants, many technologies, such as surfactant washing and so on, depend on the dissolution process to realize the dilution and removal of organic matter. Therefore, the dissolution process is often the key to the underground environmental pollution migration of non-aqueous phase fluid (NAPL). Up to now, the mechanism of mass transfer of NAPL in underground environment has not been fully studied, so this paper mainly studies the dissolution and mass transfer process of NAPL in saturated porous media, which provides theoretical guidance for pollution prevention and control. In this paper, the parameters related to the dissolution process of NAPL are measured: medium permeability and adsorbability. The results show that the smaller the medium size, the smaller the permeability coefficient, and the more linear equilibrium adsorption and Freundlich equilibrium adsorption, the stronger the adsorption capacity of quartz sand is. In this paper, the dissolution kinetics of MTBE is studied by using a self-made one-dimensional soil column. The results show that the increase of water flow rate can promote MTBE dissolution, the higher the initial saturation is, the lower the initial dissolution concentration is, and the longer the complete dissolution time is. Smaller size NAPL can be formed by decreasing the size of the medium, thus promoting the dissolution of MTBE. Further more, it can be seen that when the saturation is less than 0.3000, the medium size and NAPL saturation obviously affect the dissolution of MTBE, and when the saturation is 0.30000.5482, the water flow rate plays a major role in the dissolution process. For the multicomponent NAPL dissolution experiment, p-xylene and trichloroethylene with low solubility can promote the dissolution of MTBE, while ethanol with high solubility is competitive dissolution. Finally, the effects of various parameters on the dissolution of MTBE were investigated by using a small laboratory two-dimensional sandbox made by ourselves. The results show that the dissolution law of the outlet of the two-dimensional sand box is similar to that of the one-dimensional experimental results. However, the dissolution process of the sampling outlet, which is used as a representation of the instantaneous dynamic of the source area, is different from the flow exit, and the significant difference is that the greater the initial saturation is, the more the initial saturation is. The higher the concentration of dissolution is. The dissolution process of MTBE in different solutions showed that Nonionic surfactant Tween80 and co-solvent ethanol could promote MTBE dissolution, and anionic surfactant SDBS did not enhance MTBE migration but delayed MTBE removal rate before 80%. The order of solubilization effect is as follows: Nonionic surfactant Tween80 cosolvent ethanol water anionic surfactant SDBS.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X132;TQ021.4

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