本文選題：超聲波 + 高精度測距　； 參考：《西南石油大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的飛速發(fā)展,科技自動化水平不斷提高,各類工業(yè)控制、智能壁障、智能機(jī)器人、工業(yè)自動化等領(lǐng)域?qū)Ω呔葴y距提出了嚴(yán)格的要求。然而傳統(tǒng)的超聲波測距儀器由于自身的局限性并不能滿足某些應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的需求,這促使我們要研制出測距精度更高的設(shè)備。 本文在理論分析階段對傳統(tǒng)的超聲波測距的各種方法進(jìn)行了理論分析和比較,根據(jù)設(shè)計的復(fù)雜度和成本因素,選擇時差法作為本系統(tǒng)的基本測量原理。由于溫度對測距誤差影響嚴(yán)重,在系統(tǒng)中增加溫度檢測模塊,實時檢測環(huán)境溫度,并對測距系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行溫度補(bǔ)償。系統(tǒng)選用超聲波收發(fā)獨立的傳感器作為系統(tǒng)前端,以40KHz脈沖作為發(fā)射驅(qū)動。系統(tǒng)以Xilinx公司的FPGA芯片作為測距系統(tǒng)的主控芯片,通過對實際發(fā)射電路、接收電路以及測量算法進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),實現(xiàn)了高精度距離測量,LCD液晶顯示器能夠?qū)崟r顯示測量的距離值。系統(tǒng)開機(jī)以后實時測量距離,每0.1s測量一次,測量五次取一次平均值用于顯示。為了方便系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)展應(yīng)用,增加了串口通信模塊,可以將采集到的溫度和距離值實時上傳至計算機(jī)或其他嵌入式設(shè)備。 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計主要從硬件設(shè)計、軟件設(shè)計和系統(tǒng)測試三個方面進(jìn)行說明。在硬件設(shè)計中,首先介紹了系統(tǒng)元器件的選型、然后介紹了超聲波發(fā)射電路設(shè)計、超聲波接收電路設(shè)計、溫度采集電路設(shè)計、系統(tǒng)顯示模塊設(shè)計等。在軟件設(shè)計中,首先從系統(tǒng)角度分析了各個功能模塊軟件的構(gòu)成,然后逐個功能模塊進(jìn)行詳細(xì)設(shè)計、仿真等。在系統(tǒng)實際場景測試階段,主要將系統(tǒng)硬件結(jié)構(gòu)組合,搭建測試環(huán)境,然后從三個測試方案進(jìn)行實際硬件測試,包括長距離測距測試,短距離測距測試、加障礙物距離測試。該系統(tǒng)測量精度達(dá)到2mm以內(nèi),盲區(qū)3cm,最大量程達(dá)到200cm。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our country's economy and society, the level of science and technology automation has been improved continuously, and all kinds of industrial control, intelligent barrier, intelligent robot, industrial automation and other fields have put forward strict requirements for high-precision ranging. However, the traditional ultrasonic ranging instrument can not meet the needs of some applications due to its own limitations, which urges us to develop a more accurate ranging equipment. In this paper, the traditional ultrasonic ranging methods are theoretically analyzed and compared in the stage of theoretical analysis. According to the design complexity and cost factors, the moveout method is chosen as the basic measuring principle of the system. Because of the serious influence of temperature on ranging error, the temperature detection module is added to the system to detect the environmental temperature in real time, and the temperature compensation of the ranging system is carried out. The system selects the ultrasonic transceiver independent sensor as the system front end and the 40KHz pulse as the transmission drive. The FPGA chip of Xilinx company is used as the main control chip of the ranging system. By improving the actual transmitting circuit, receiving circuit and measuring algorithm, the high precision range measuring LCD display can display the measured range value in real time. After the system is turned on, the distance is measured once every 0.1 s, and the average value is taken five times for display. In order to facilitate the application of the system, a serial communication module is added, which can upload the collected temperature and distance to the computer or other embedded devices in real time. System design mainly from hardware design, software design and system testing three aspects to explain. In the hardware design, the selection of system components is introduced first, and then the design of ultrasonic emission circuit, ultrasonic receiving circuit, temperature acquisition circuit, system display module and so on are introduced. In the software design, the software structure of each functional module is analyzed from the system point of view, and then the detailed design and simulation of each functional module are carried out. In the testing stage of the system actual scene, the hardware structure of the system is combined and the testing environment is built. Then, the actual hardware testing is carried out from three test schemes, including long-distance ranging test, short-range ranging test and obstacle distance testing. The measuring accuracy of the system is within 2mm, the blind area is 3 cm, and the maximum measuring range is 200 cm.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB553

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本文編號：1919501