發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-19 20:14

  本文選題：有機(jī)酸 + 雙極膜電滲析(BMED)�。� 參考：《合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：有機(jī)酸是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中重要的工業(yè)原料,廣泛的應(yīng)用于制藥、食品、日化等行業(yè)。傳統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)方法有發(fā)酵法和化學(xué)合成法。發(fā)酵法是一種較為溫和的生產(chǎn)方式,使用的是可再生原料且來(lái)源充足。相比之下,化學(xué)合成法目的性強(qiáng),生產(chǎn)條件較為嚴(yán)苛,且一些有機(jī)酸的生產(chǎn)利用化學(xué)合成法比較困難。不論是發(fā)酵法或化學(xué)合成法,生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中都會(huì)涉及到產(chǎn)品的分離、純化,常需要提取、結(jié)晶、蒸餾等傳統(tǒng)的化工單元操作,在分離和純化過(guò)程中不可避免的會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的污染物,需要較高的能量損耗,難以滿(mǎn)足當(dāng)今社會(huì)提出的“綠色生產(chǎn)”的要求。將新型的膜分離技術(shù),特別是電滲析技術(shù)應(yīng)用于甲酸、乙酸、檸檬酸等小分子有機(jī)酸生產(chǎn)的實(shí)例已有大量的報(bào)道,但當(dāng)有機(jī)酸分子量比較大的時(shí)候,利用膜技術(shù)進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)的效率將會(huì)大大降低,因其透過(guò)膜遷移的阻力比較大,而難以實(shí)現(xiàn)較高的產(chǎn)率,因此我們提出制備合適孔徑的離子交換膜以提高有機(jī)酸的產(chǎn)率,降低過(guò)程的能耗。此外,氨基酸作為一種特殊的有機(jī)酸,在醫(yī)藥、食品、動(dòng)物飼料等領(lǐng)域中有廣泛的應(yīng)用。氨基酸分子中兼含羧基和氨基,其傳統(tǒng)分離方法如結(jié)晶法、離子交換法、特殊沉淀法等過(guò)程較為復(fù)雜,結(jié)晶過(guò)程中的蒸發(fā)耗能很大,樹(shù)脂需要再生耗費(fèi)較多的化學(xué)試劑,特殊沉淀法過(guò)程中的沉淀劑難以有效回收,造成大量廢液排放。本文以蘇氨酸為例,發(fā)酵法生產(chǎn)蘇氨酸過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的發(fā)酵母液會(huì)含有一定量的蘇氨酸、谷氨酸以及其他雜質(zhì)成分,雙極膜電滲析可以利用氨基酸的等電點(diǎn)的不同而將它們進(jìn)行分離。本論文共分為四章,內(nèi)容分別如下:第一章為本論文的緒論部分,主要闡述了傳統(tǒng)的有機(jī)酸的生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題,接著對(duì)電滲析技術(shù)的基本原理,特別是作為整個(gè)電滲析技術(shù)核心的離子交換膜進(jìn)行了較為詳細(xì)介紹。最后對(duì)本論文的選題來(lái)源、意義及主要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要的介紹;第二章首先通過(guò)相轉(zhuǎn)化法制備出多孔的聚酰亞胺基膜,然后對(duì)該基膜進(jìn)行化學(xué)改性,包括氨化、季銨化等,使膜接枝上正電基團(tuán),并通過(guò)場(chǎng)發(fā)射掃描電鏡(SEM),傅里葉紅外光譜分析(FTIR)表征確認(rèn)其微觀形態(tài)和組成。該膜的面電阻為0.6-1.8Ω·cm2,離子交換容量(IEC)值為0.6-0.9mmol/g,含水率為100-160%。不同條件下制備的膜的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)有所差異,在異丙醇中進(jìn)行相轉(zhuǎn)化得到的膜內(nèi)部呈現(xiàn)出均勻的海綿狀孔,而在水中進(jìn)行相轉(zhuǎn)化的膜內(nèi)部出現(xiàn)了一些不規(guī)則的大孔,但總體上通過(guò)相轉(zhuǎn)化法制得的膜具備有多孔的結(jié)構(gòu)。將其應(yīng)用于雙極膜電滲析(BMED)過(guò)程處理乳糖酸鈉料液以生產(chǎn)乳糖酸和氫氧化鈉,與商業(yè)膜相比,產(chǎn)品純度類(lèi)似,能耗較低,產(chǎn)率更高,幾乎達(dá)到了商業(yè)致密膜的兩倍。第三章將BMED過(guò)程應(yīng)用于蘇氨酸和谷氨酸混合物的分離,首先,設(shè)計(jì)出三種不同的膜堆構(gòu)型以?xún)?yōu)選出最佳的膜堆構(gòu)型。然后在最佳的膜堆構(gòu)型下,綜合考慮混合氨基酸的分離效果、能耗、電流效率等因素,選取50V為最佳的外加操作電壓。在優(yōu)化的膜堆、電壓條件下(電壓為50V、膜堆構(gòu)型為BP-A-BP),運(yùn)行4 h后可以使料液室中的谷氨酸基本上遷移進(jìn)入回收室,蘇氨酸則停留在料液室中,其純度達(dá)到了 97.5%。過(guò)程的能耗為11.04 kWh/kg,電流效率為82.6%。此外,還對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程的陰膜的污染進(jìn)行了考察,發(fā)現(xiàn)有部分谷氨酸附著在陰膜上造成膜污染,導(dǎo)致了小部分的谷氨酸的損失,并使BMED的總體效能有所下降�？偟膩�(lái)說(shuō),利用BMED過(guò)程進(jìn)行蘇氨酸與谷氨酸的分離提純可以達(dá)到很好的分離效果。第四章為全文的總結(jié)部分,通過(guò)以上章節(jié)中所介紹的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果可以看出,利用BMED進(jìn)行有機(jī)酸的生產(chǎn),具有很好的潛力。
[Abstract]:Organic acid is an important industrial raw material in the process of industrial production. It is widely used in the industries of pharmaceutical, food and daily chemical production. The traditional methods of production include fermentation and chemical synthesis. The fermentation is a relatively mild way of production, which is used as renewable raw materials and sufficient sources. In contrast, chemical synthesis is of strong purpose and production conditions. The production and utilization of some organic acids is more difficult. Whether it is fermenting or chemical synthesis, the production process involves the separation and purification of the products, and often requires extraction, crystallization, distillation and other traditional chemical unit operations, which inevitably produce a large amount of pollutants in the process of separation and purification. High energy loss is difficult to meet the requirements of "green production" proposed by today's society. The new membrane separation technology, especially the electrodialysis technology, has been widely used in the production of small molecular organic acids, such as formic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, etc., but when the molecular weight of organic acids is large, the membrane technology is used for production. The efficiency will be greatly reduced because the resistance to membrane migration is large and it is difficult to achieve a higher yield. Therefore, we have proposed the preparation of a suitable pore size ion exchange membrane to improve the yield of organic acids and reduce the energy consumption of the process. In addition, amino acids are a special kind of organic acid, in the fields of medicine, food, animal feed and so on. The amino acid molecules also contain carboxyl and amino groups. The traditional separation methods, such as crystallization, ion exchange and special precipitation, are more complex. The evaporation energy in the crystallization process is very high. The resin needs more chemical reagents, and the precipitant in the special precipitation process is difficult to be recovered effectively, resulting in a large amount of waste liquid. Taking threonine as an example, the fermented mother liquid produced by the fermentation process of threonine contains a certain amount of threonine, glutamic acid and other impurities, and the bipolar membrane electrodialysis can be separated by the difference of the isoelectric points of amino acids. This paper is divided into four chapters, the contents are as follows: the first chapter is the thesis The introduction part mainly expounds the existing problems in the traditional organic acid production process, and then introduces the basic principles of electrodialysis technology, especially the ion exchange membrane, which is the core of the whole electrodialysis technology. Finally, the origin, significance and main contents of this paper are briefly introduced; second In this chapter, the porous polyimide basement membrane was prepared by phase transformation method. Then the membrane was chemically modified, including ammoniation, quaternification and so on. The membrane was grafted with positive group. The microstructure and composition of the membrane were identified by field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fu Liye infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface resistance of the film was 0.6-1.8 Omega cm2, The ion exchange capacity (IEC) value is 0.6-0.9mmol/g, and the microstructure of the membrane prepared under the water content is 100-160%. is different. The inner membrane of the isopropanol is transformed into a homogeneous sponge like hole, while some irregular large pores appear in the membrane of the phase transformation in the water, but in general the phase transformation is made by phase transformation. The prepared membrane has a porous structure. It is used in bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) process to treat lactose acid and sodium hydroxide to produce lactose acid and sodium hydroxide. Compared with commercial membranes, the product has similar purity, low energy consumption, higher yield, almost two times the commercial density membrane. The third chapter applies the BMED process to threonine and glutamic acid. First, three different membrane heap configurations are designed to select the best membrane heap configurations. Then, under the optimum membrane configuration, the optimum external voltage is selected by considering the separation effect, energy consumption and current efficiency of the mixed amino acids. In the optimized membrane reactor, voltage condition (voltage is 50V, membrane structure). Type BP-A-BP), after running 4 h, the glutamic acid in the liquid chamber can be moved into the recovery room basically, and threonine stays in the liquid chamber. The energy consumption of the 97.5%. process is 11.04 kWh/kg and the current efficiency is 82.6%.. The membrane fouling caused the loss of a small portion of the glutamic acid and reduced the overall efficiency of BMED. In general, the separation and purification of threonine and glutamic acid by the BMED process can achieve a good separation effect. The fourth chapter is a summary of the full text, which can be seen through the experimental results introduced in the above chapters. The use of BMED for organic acid production has great potential.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TQ216;TQ028.8

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