本文選題：泥石流 + 堵江�。� 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：泥石流是我國(guó)山區(qū)常見(jiàn)的自然災(zāi)害現(xiàn)象,是一種介于滑坡和水流之間的含泥、沙和石塊的固、液兩相流體,具有爆發(fā)突然、運(yùn)動(dòng)快速、歷時(shí)短暫等活動(dòng)特點(diǎn),呈紊流和層流的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)。含有大量固體物質(zhì)的粘性泥石流體進(jìn)入主河以后,受到主河水動(dòng)力條件和地形條件改變的影響,在交匯處發(fā)生淤積形成堆積壩,如果泥石流入?yún)R總量和堆積壩體抗沖擊力足夠,則有可能發(fā)生堵江現(xiàn)象,形成堰塞湖,引發(fā)更加嚴(yán)重的災(zāi)害鏈效應(yīng):堰塞湖導(dǎo)致上游水災(zāi),潰決后大規(guī)模洪水。我國(guó)的堵江型泥石流以粘性泥石流為主。近十年來(lái),受地震和極端天氣影響,堵江型泥石流的防治已經(jīng)成為地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治領(lǐng)域的熱點(diǎn)。目前對(duì)泥石流堵江的研究方法,多分為三種。一為通過(guò)室內(nèi)水槽實(shí)驗(yàn)研究相關(guān)影響因素的關(guān)系得到堵江判別式。二是通過(guò)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)對(duì)已有堵江事件進(jìn)行分析,得到相關(guān)的統(tǒng)計(jì)模型。三是進(jìn)行理論分析,建立基于動(dòng)量動(dòng)能的理論力學(xué)模型�，F(xiàn)行的研究方法各有利弊,存在主要的問(wèn)題有:判別式的因子選取考慮不全或是選取上存在重復(fù);未對(duì)堵江結(jié)果定量分析,判別式計(jì)算結(jié)果以定性為主;對(duì)于泥石流的流體性質(zhì)在災(zāi)害中的效用的相關(guān)研究不足。本文針對(duì)現(xiàn)有研究的不足,引入屈服應(yīng)力作為描述泥石流體流體性質(zhì)的指標(biāo),對(duì)泥石流流體性質(zhì)的作用進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步探討。以體積因子V表述泥石流規(guī)模與溝床的關(guān)系、單寬流量比r表述支溝與主河的沖淤條件、屈服應(yīng)力因子τ表述泥石流的流體性質(zhì)、入?yún)R角因子J表述支溝與主河的交匯情況,通過(guò)室內(nèi)水槽實(shí)驗(yàn)控制變量,結(jié)合野外數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證,得到可以定量分析堵江結(jié)果的臨界條件判斷式,本文得到結(jié)論如下:(1)屈服應(yīng)力較大的泥石流流體形成的堆積壩在抵抗主河水流擾動(dòng)和抗沖刷能力上更好,利于堵江發(fā)生。反之則不利于堵江的發(fā)生。(2)泥石流匯入主河以后,入?yún)R總量必須達(dá)到一定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)才能發(fā)生堵斷主河現(xiàn)象。這個(gè)入?yún)R總量與交匯處主河的水深以及主河的寬度有關(guān)。較小的河床容量(主河寬度、水深較小)和較大的泥石流入?yún)R總量有利于堵江的發(fā)生。(3)大單寬流量比條件下的泥石流可以在主河寬度方向上運(yùn)動(dòng)更長(zhǎng)的距離,且形成的堆積壩會(huì)阻礙主河水流的運(yùn)動(dòng)造成上游壅水。小單寬流量比條件下的泥石流不僅在主河寬度方向上運(yùn)動(dòng)距離有限,較難形成規(guī)模強(qiáng)度足夠的堆積壩。(4)泥石流銳角入?yún)R主河時(shí),主河水流可以較容易的侵蝕和搬運(yùn)泥石流流體,不利于堵江的發(fā)生;鈍角入?yún)R主河時(shí),泥石流流體大量淤積在交匯處,難以被搬運(yùn)和侵蝕,利于堵江的發(fā)生。(5)通過(guò)將影響因素簡(jiǎn)化為無(wú)量綱因子:τ、V、r、J,通過(guò)水槽實(shí)驗(yàn)控制變量得到因子關(guān)系,得到的最終模型為:P =τ0.9×V×r1.1×J0.78,當(dāng)P≥0.93時(shí)有可能發(fā)生全堵;當(dāng)0.6 ≤P 0.93時(shí),有可能發(fā)生大部分堵塞;當(dāng)0.32≤P0.6時(shí),有可能發(fā)生局部堵塞;P0.32時(shí),發(fā)生堵江可能性較低。本文通過(guò)使用實(shí)地考察獲得的野外數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合文獻(xiàn)記載對(duì)公式進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,確認(rèn)該模型具備較好的普適性和可靠性。
[Abstract]:Debris flow is a common natural disaster phenomenon in the mountain area of China. It is a solid, liquid two phase fluid, which consists of mud, sand and rock between landslides and currents. It has the characteristics of sudden eruption, rapid movement, and short period of movement. It is turbulent and laminar flow. After the viscous debris fluid containing a large amount of solid material enters the main river, it is subjected to the main river. The influence of the dynamic conditions of the main river and the change of the topographic conditions at the intersection and formation of the accumulation dam. If the aggregate amount of the debris flow and the anti impact force of the accumulated dam are sufficient, the phenomenon of blocking the river may occur, forming the weir lake and causing a more serious disaster chain effect: the weir plug Lake leads to the upstream flood and the large-scale flood after the burst. Our country In the past ten years, the prevention and control of the debris flow of the river block has become a hot spot in the field of geological disaster prevention and control. At present, there are three kinds of research methods for debris flow blocking the river. One is to get the discrimination of the river block through the relationship between the related factors of the laboratory water trough experiment. Two is to analyze the existing river blocking events through statistics and get the relevant statistical models. Three is to carry out theoretical analysis and establish a theoretical mechanics model based on momentum kinetic energy. The current research methods have advantages and disadvantages, and the main problems are: the discriminant factor selection is not considered or the selection is repeated; the result is not the result of the river blocking. Quantitative analysis, the result of the discriminant calculation is mainly qualitative; the relative research on the utility of the fluid properties of debris flow is insufficient. In this paper, in view of the shortage of the existing research, the yield stress is introduced as an index to describe the properties of the fluid fluid in the debris flow, and the effect of the fluid properties of the debris flow is further discussed. The volume factor V table is used. The relationship between the scale of debris flow and the trench bed, the single wide flow ratio R expresses the conditions of the branch gully and the main river's erosion and siltation, the yield stress factor tau expresses the fluid properties of the debris flow, and the convergence angle factor J expresses the intersection of the branch ditch and the main river, and through the laboratory control variables and the field data verification, the quantitative analysis of the result of the river blocking can be obtained. The conclusion of this paper is as follows: (1) the accumulation dam formed by the debris flow fluid with large yield stress is better to resist the disturbance and anti scouring ability of the main river, which is beneficial to blocking the river. (2) after the debris flow into the main river, the total amount of sinks must reach a certain standard to block the main block. The total amount of this sink is related to the depth of the main river at the intersection and the width of the main river. The smaller size of the river bed (the width of the main river, the less water depth) and the amount of the larger debris flow are beneficial to the occurrence of the river blockage. (3) the debris flow under the condition of large single width flow ratio can move longer in the direction of the main river, and the formation of the heap The dam will obstruct the upstream flow of the main river flow. The debris flow under the small single width flow ratio is not only limited in the main river width, but it is difficult to form a large scale strength accumulation dam. (4) when the debris flow sharp angle enters the main river, the main river flow can easily erosion and transport the debris flow fluid, which is not conducive to blocking the river. When the obtuse angle enters the main river, the debris flow is deposited at the intersection, and it is difficult to be transported and eroded to block the occurrence of the river. (5) by simplifying the influence factors into dimensionless factors: tau, V, R, J, the final model is obtained through the control variables of the trough experiment, and the final model is: P = tau, tau, V * r1.1 x J0.78, when P is more than 0.93. When 0.6 less than P 0.93, most plugging may occur. When 0.32 is less than P0.6, local blockage may occur. When P0.32, the possibility of blocking the river is low. This paper verifies the formula by using field data obtained by field investigation combined with literature to confirm that the model has good universality and reliability.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P642.23

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