本文選題：配流副 + 低速　； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：軸向柱塞泵是液壓傳動系統(tǒng)的核心動力元件,它具有功率體積比大、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、流量大、變量方便等諸多優(yōu)勢,在"上天、入地、下海"各領(lǐng)域如航空航天、工程機械、船舶海工等均有廣泛應(yīng)用。配流副是它最容易發(fā)生磨損和失效的三大摩擦副之一,尤其是在低速條件下完整油膜難以建立,配流副處于邊界潤滑狀態(tài),油膜不斷產(chǎn)生和被破壞,始終處于動態(tài)的臨界過程,直接影響到泵的低速效率、啟動可靠性和壽命。因此,對軸向柱塞泵配流副低速下摩擦磨損/潤滑特性及規(guī)律開展系統(tǒng)而深入的研究,對于進一步提高其效率、可靠性及壽命具有重要的工程和實際意義。表面形貌是指摩擦副表面的幾何特征和性質(zhì),研究表明表面形貌對于混合潤滑等狀態(tài)下的摩擦、磨損和潤滑起著重要影響。選擇性激光熔融(SLM)快速成型技術(shù)可快速成型任意結(jié)構(gòu)的零部件,為制造復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)品、創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品設(shè)計提供了高效的方法,特別適合單件、小批量液壓元件的設(shè)計生產(chǎn)制造,可滿足未來液壓元件個性化的發(fā)展趨勢。本文主要采用試驗研究的方法,通過對軸向柱塞泵配流副工況分析及模型的簡化(盤-環(huán)),在油潤滑摩擦磨損試驗臺上進行實驗,以研究表面形貌、激光熔融快速成型、工況和材料對配流副摩擦磨損特性的影響,并將摩擦系數(shù)、磨損率、溫度、X射線衍射圖譜、顯微結(jié)構(gòu)和表面/剖面形貌等作為主要評價指標。本文的主要研究結(jié)果如下:一、拋光的試件具有最低的摩擦系數(shù)和磨損率,它在試驗過程中只發(fā)生了輕微的磨粒磨損且顆粒隨油液排出未粘附到上試件表面;精磨試件的表面在試驗后粘附了非常多細小的黃銅顆粒,發(fā)生了黃銅-黃銅的接觸使得摩擦系數(shù)較高;粗磨試件的表面粘附了大塊的顆粒使下試件產(chǎn)生了很高的磨損率,且由于局部區(qū)域更容易形成micro-EHL而具有較低的摩擦系數(shù);織構(gòu)化試件的微凹坑中積聚了很多黃銅顆粒,因而具有較高的摩擦系數(shù)和磨損率。二、SLM試件存在熔池、孔隙和晶粒細化等現(xiàn)象,經(jīng)熱處理的SLM試件熔池消失、硬度變大。當與黃銅配對時,SLM試件與傳統(tǒng)制造(TP)試件相比具有更低的摩擦系數(shù)和磨損率;當與38CrMoAl配對時,SLM 316L與TP 316L在摩擦系數(shù)和磨損率上的差異較大,而經(jīng)過熱處理的SLM TC4比TP TC4具有更低的摩擦系數(shù)和磨損率。SLM試件中晶粒細化等結(jié)構(gòu)影響其摩擦學(xué)性能,同時試件的塑性變形程度對其裂紋的形成和材料的剝落影響較大。三、隨著轉(zhuǎn)速的增加摩擦系數(shù)先增加并達到一極大值后逐漸減小,溫度和磨損量的變化都是隨著轉(zhuǎn)速的增加而變大但磨損率隨著轉(zhuǎn)速的增加而趨于穩(wěn)定。此外,隨著轉(zhuǎn)速的增加上試件表面球化孔直徑變大,更易于儲油和容屑且還出現(xiàn)了氧化層故有利于其摩擦系數(shù)的降低。
[Abstract]:Axial piston pump is the core power component of hydraulic transmission system. It has many advantages, such as large power volume ratio, compact structure, large flow rate, convenient variable and so on. Marine engineering and so on are widely used. The flow distribution pair is one of the three friction pairs that are most prone to wear and failure, especially the complete oil film is difficult to establish at low speed, the distribution pair is in the condition of boundary lubrication, the oil film is constantly produced and destroyed, and it is always in the dynamic critical process. It directly affects the low speed efficiency, startup reliability and life of the pump. Therefore, it is of great engineering and practical significance to study systematically and deeply the friction and wear / lubrication characteristics and rules of axial piston pump pair at low speed for further improving its efficiency, reliability and life. The surface morphology refers to the geometric characteristics and properties of the friction pair surface. The study shows that the surface morphology plays an important role in friction, wear and lubrication under the condition of mixed lubrication. The selective laser melting laser SLM (SLM) rapid prototyping technology can be used for the rapid prototyping of parts with arbitrary structure, which provides an efficient method for manufacturing complex structure products and innovative product design, especially suitable for the design, production and manufacture of single and small batch hydraulic components. It can meet the development trend of individuation of hydraulic components in the future. This paper mainly adopts the method of experimental study, through analyzing the working condition of the axial piston pump distribution pair and simplifying the model (disk-ring, the experiment is carried out on the oil lubricating friction and wear test bench, to study the surface morphology, laser melting rapid prototyping, The friction coefficient, wear rate, temperature X-ray diffraction pattern, microstructure and surface / profile morphology were taken as the main evaluation indexes. The main results of this paper are as follows: first, the polished specimen has the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate, and only slightly abrasive wear occurs during the test process and the particles are not adhered to the surface of the sample with oil discharge; The surface of the polished specimen adheres to a lot of fine brass particles after the test, resulting in a high friction coefficient due to the contact between brass and brass, while the surface of the rough-ground specimen adheres to a large piece of particles, which results in a high wear rate of the lower specimen. Due to the formation of micro-EHL in the local region, the friction coefficient is lower, and a large number of brass particles are accumulated in the micropits of the textured specimens, so the friction coefficient and wear rate are higher. The weld pool, pore size and grain refinement exist in the second SLM specimen. The hardness of the SLM specimen after heat treatment is increased with the disappearance of the weld pool. When paired with brass, the friction coefficient and wear rate of SLM316L and TP316L are lower than those of traditional 38CrMoAl, and the difference of friction coefficient and wear rate between SLM316L and TP316L is larger when paired with 38CrMoAl. However, the tribological properties of SLM TC4 treated by heat treatment are lower than that of TP TC4, such as grain refinement and so on. Meanwhile, the plastic deformation degree of the specimen has a great influence on the crack formation and the spalling of the material. Third, with the increase of rotational speed, the friction coefficient first increases and reaches a maximum value, then decreases gradually. The changes of temperature and wear amount are increased with the increase of rotational speed, but the wear rate tends to be stable with the increase of rotational speed. In addition, with the increase of rotational speed, the diameter of spheroidized holes on the surface of the specimens becomes larger, and it is easier to store oil and chip, and the oxidation layer is also found to be beneficial to the reduction of friction coefficient.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TH137.51

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