發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-07 09:16

  本文選題：遙感 + 三維重建��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：遙感技術(shù)在當(dāng)代快速發(fā)展，軍事上和民用上都體現(xiàn)了其重要性。通過不同的傳感器平臺(tái)，可以獲得大量的遙感數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)在精確提取地面目標(biāo)三維信息，對(duì)目標(biāo)進(jìn)行立體構(gòu)建起著重要的作用。隨著人們對(duì)立體構(gòu)建的要求越來越高，多平臺(tái)、多時(shí)相、多傳感器獲取的數(shù)據(jù)都存在各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，通過信息的互補(bǔ)，可以彌補(bǔ)不同條件下的不足，使構(gòu)建結(jié)果更加完整，信息得到最好的恢復(fù)。而對(duì)目標(biāo)的構(gòu)建比整個(gè)場(chǎng)景的構(gòu)建會(huì)有更高的要求，目標(biāo)頂面及邊緣的信息恢復(fù)尤為重要。 本文首先建立一個(gè)對(duì)三維信息進(jìn)行解算的模塊，這個(gè)模塊可以為下一步的立體構(gòu)建奠定一個(gè)很好的基礎(chǔ)。從一個(gè)方面來考慮，主要是分析比較了不同模型下的特點(diǎn)及優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，研究各種不同條件對(duì)參數(shù)的影響。主要研究嚴(yán)格傳感器模型和通用傳感器模型及其改進(jìn)，確定內(nèi)定向參數(shù)和外定向參數(shù)求解的數(shù)學(xué)模型，進(jìn)而完成三維信息的解算。另一方面，比較了不同會(huì)聚角對(duì)解算精度的影響，為傳感器獲取最佳數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)的姿態(tài)進(jìn)行確定，減小誤差，減小整個(gè)系統(tǒng)中的誤差傳遞，，對(duì)以后的數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用其重要作用。 之后，重點(diǎn)研究基于典型目標(biāo)拓?fù)淠Ｐ偷牧Ⅲw構(gòu)建方法�？紤]到三維信息的解算過程中，由于獲取數(shù)據(jù)或匹配誤差，可能導(dǎo)致有效解算點(diǎn)的數(shù)目有限。在這種情況下，建立典型目標(biāo)模型庫(kù)，將復(fù)雜的目標(biāo)簡(jiǎn)單化，根據(jù)不同模型輸入不同的參數(shù)，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)立體構(gòu)建。目標(biāo)主要集中在建筑物、油罐以及簡(jiǎn)單橋梁上。當(dāng)獲取的有效解算點(diǎn)較多時(shí)，則可建立頂面模型，利用曲面擬合完成三維信息的補(bǔ)充。同時(shí)驗(yàn)證了解算點(diǎn)數(shù)目及分布對(duì)解算精度有重要影響。 最后，提出一個(gè)基于多重鄰域?yàn)V波法的目標(biāo)三維信息恢復(fù)方法。DSM數(shù)據(jù)的最優(yōu)化在目標(biāo)立體構(gòu)建中起著重要的作用。由于匹配失敗，無法確定各部分上的有效解算點(diǎn)。該算法主要側(cè)重于目標(biāo)而不是其他方法側(cè)重的整個(gè)場(chǎng)景。目標(biāo)比整個(gè)場(chǎng)景的有效信息更少一些，但是其邊緣更難恢復(fù)，恢復(fù)的要求更高。該算法不同于一個(gè)插值，它可以平滑的恢復(fù)目標(biāo)的邊緣。我們可以根據(jù)分辨率建立一個(gè)網(wǎng)格，每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)上都有數(shù)據(jù)。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明該算法可以大大提高三維信息的完整性。優(yōu)化后完整性穩(wěn)定在85%左右，具有很好的魯棒性。
[Abstract]:Remote sensing technology in the contemporary rapid development, military and civilian reflects its importance. A large number of remote sensing data can be obtained through different sensor platforms. These data play an important role in accurately extracting 3D information of the ground target and constructing the target stereoscopically. With the higher and higher requirements of three-dimensional construction, the data obtained by multi-platform, multi-phase and multi-sensor have their own advantages and disadvantages. Through the complementary information, we can make up for the deficiency under different conditions and make the construction result more complete. The information is best restored. And the target construction will have higher requirements than the whole scene construction, the information recovery of the top and edge of the target is particularly important. In this paper, we first build a module to solve the three-dimensional information, which can lay a good foundation for the next three-dimensional construction. From a point of view, the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of different models are analyzed and compared, and the effects of different conditions on parameters are studied. The strict sensor model and the universal sensor model and their improvement are studied in this paper. The mathematical model of solving the inner and outer orientation parameters is determined and the three-dimensional information is solved. On the other hand, the influence of different convergence angles on the accuracy of the solution is compared, which determines the attitude of the sensor to obtain the best data, reduces the error and reduces the error transfer in the whole system, and plays an important role in the application of the data in the future. After that, the stereoscopic construction method based on typical object topology model is studied. In the process of solving 3D information, the number of effective solution points may be limited due to the acquisition of data or the matching error. In this case, the typical target model base is established, the complex target is simplified, different parameters are input according to different models, and finally the three-dimensional construction is realized. The goal is to focus on buildings, oil tanks and simple bridges. When the number of effective solution points obtained is more, the top surface model can be established, and the 3D information can be supplemented by surface fitting. At the same time, it is verified that the number and distribution of the solution points have an important effect on the accuracy of the solution. Finally, we propose a method of 3D information restoration based on multiple neighborhood filtering. The optimization of DSM data plays an important role in the stereo construction of target. Due to the matching failure, it is impossible to determine the effective solution points on each part. The algorithm mainly focuses on the whole scenario of the target rather than the other methods. The target has less valid information than the entire scene, but its edges are harder to recover and the recovery requirements are higher. This algorithm is different from an interpolation, it can smoothly restore the edge of the target. We can create a grid based on resolution, with data on each node. Experiments show that the algorithm can greatly improve the integrity of 3D information. After optimization, the integrity is stable at about 85%, and has good robustness.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TP751

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本文編號(hào)：1856344