本文選題：液化天然氣(LNG) + 超級(jí)開(kāi)架式汽化器(SuperORV)��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在環(huán)境問(wèn)題和能源問(wèn)題日益成為掣肘世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的大背景下,天然氣作為一種清潔又高效的能源,受到了越來(lái)越多的重視。液化天然氣(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)LNG)相關(guān)的貯存和汽化設(shè)備也成為了近些年來(lái)研發(fā)工作的熱點(diǎn)。開(kāi)架式汽化器(Open-Rack Vaporizer,簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)ORV)是LNG接收終端中以海水為熱源、用于基本負(fù)荷的大型汽化裝置。由于海水容易在其底部結(jié)冰使得該裝置的傳熱性能下降,導(dǎo)致其汽化性能無(wú)法得到進(jìn)一步的提升。超級(jí)開(kāi)架式汽化器(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)SuperORV)正是在此背景下被開(kāi)發(fā)的,它是在傳統(tǒng)ORV基礎(chǔ)上的改進(jìn)版本,采用雙層結(jié)構(gòu)的傳熱管可有效改善汽化器管束外的結(jié)冰狀況并提高換熱效率,目前國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)該裝置傳熱性能的研究還比較少。此外,對(duì)于水加熱型汽化器,由于利用液膜進(jìn)行加熱的傳熱方式在一般換熱設(shè)備中很少被利用,熱工研究者對(duì)液膜用于加熱低溫介質(zhì)的傳熱過(guò)程重視程度還不是很夠。因此,對(duì)該新型汽化器及相關(guān)傳熱機(jī)理的研究無(wú)論對(duì)于豐富降膜傳熱的內(nèi)涵,還是對(duì)包括LNG行業(yè)在內(nèi)的低溫工程領(lǐng)域都具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 基于理論和實(shí)踐相結(jié)合的研究思路,本文開(kāi)展了針對(duì)SuperORV傳熱管的換熱特性模擬研究以及其關(guān)鍵傳熱方式之一豎直管外冷卻降膜傳熱特性的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,旨在為該類(lèi)汽化器的設(shè)計(jì)、選型和運(yùn)行管理提供參考。主要開(kāi)展以下幾方面的工作： 1.詳細(xì)分析SuperORV關(guān)鍵元件—傳熱管中海水與LNG的換熱過(guò)程。根據(jù)傳熱機(jī)制的不同,對(duì)換熱區(qū)間進(jìn)行了劃分,即傳熱管加熱段內(nèi)套管中的LNG流體先后經(jīng)歷單相液體對(duì)流換熱區(qū)、欠熱沸騰換熱區(qū)、飽和沸騰換熱區(qū)和缺液區(qū),而汽化段環(huán)狀間隙和加熱段內(nèi)的氣態(tài)天然氣經(jīng)歷單相過(guò)熱氣體對(duì)流傳熱區(qū)。對(duì)不同換熱區(qū)間可能適用的對(duì)流換熱實(shí)驗(yàn)關(guān)聯(lián)式進(jìn)行了分析與探討,總結(jié)出一組適用于SuperORV傳熱管的傳熱關(guān)聯(lián)式。在此基礎(chǔ)上,建立描述傳熱管整體換熱過(guò)程的穩(wěn)態(tài)分布參數(shù)模型,并對(duì)模型的有效性進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。 2.利用上述穩(wěn)態(tài)分布參數(shù)模型,對(duì)SuperORV傳熱管的換熱性能進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的分析,主要包括：獲得工作條件下流體和管壁的溫度分布；分析并比較強(qiáng)化傳熱措施對(duì)傳熱管傳熱性能的影響,以及對(duì)結(jié)冰狀況的影響；探討冰層狀況對(duì)傳熱管換熱性能的影響。 3.對(duì)管外液膜流動(dòng)傳熱的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了調(diào)研,在總結(jié)了各相關(guān)研究中的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法、技術(shù)方案及實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置等的特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,分析實(shí)驗(yàn)的對(duì)象、原理和研究目標(biāo)等,從而確定適用于豎直管外被冷卻降膜傳熱的實(shí)驗(yàn)方案,并搭建相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)。利用該實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,針對(duì)雷諾數(shù)對(duì)豎直管外被冷卻降膜傳熱特性的影響,開(kāi)展系統(tǒng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,并從實(shí)驗(yàn)中所獲得的結(jié)果中歸納出高雷諾數(shù)、中雷諾數(shù)和低雷諾數(shù)三個(gè)區(qū)間的無(wú)量綱平均換熱系數(shù)的實(shí)驗(yàn)關(guān)聯(lián)式。
[Abstract]:As a kind of clean and efficient energy source , natural gas has been paid more and more attention in the context of environmental problems and energy problems . It is a hot spot in the research and development of LNG in recent years .

Based on the combination of theory and practice , this paper has carried out an experimental study on the heat transfer characteristics of SuperORV heat transfer tubes and the experimental study on the heat transfer characteristics of the outer cooling and falling film of one of the key heat transfer modes . The purpose of this paper is to provide a reference for the design , selection and operation management of this type of vaporizer .

1 . The heat transfer process of the seawater and LNG in the superORV critical element - heat transfer pipe is analyzed in detail . According to the different heat transfer mechanism , the heat transfer zone is divided , that is , the LNG fluid in the heating section of the heat transfer pipe is subjected to the single - phase liquid convection heat transfer area , the under - heat boiling heat exchange area , the saturated boiling heat exchange area and the liquid - deficient area , and the annular gap of the vaporizing section and the gaseous natural gas in the heating section are subjected to single - phase superheated gas convection heat transfer area .

2 , using the steady state distribution parameter model , carrying out detailed analysis on the heat exchange performance of the SuperORV heat transfer pipe , and mainly comprises the following steps of : obtaining the temperature distribution of the fluid and the pipe wall under working conditions ;
The effect of heat transfer measures on the heat transfer performance of heat transfer tubes was analyzed and compared .
The effect of ice layer condition on heat transfer performance of heat transfer tubes is discussed .

3 . Based on the research of the experimental research on the flow heat transfer of the outer liquid membrane , the experimental method , the technical scheme and the research object of the experiment are summarized . The experimental results of the experiment are analyzed , and the experimental system is set up . The experimental research is carried out on the effect of the Reynolds number on the heat transfer characteristics of the cooled falling film outside the vertical pipe , and the experimental study on the dimensionless average heat transfer coefficient in three sections of high Reynolds number , medium Reynolds number and low Reynolds number is summarized from the results obtained in the experiment .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TB611

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