本文選題：線性壓縮機(jī) + 有閥線性壓縮機(jī)　； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展與進(jìn)步,制冷低溫技術(shù)在航空航天領(lǐng)域獲得了極其廣泛的關(guān)注和應(yīng)用。探測(cè)對(duì)象不同,所需的制冷溫度也不同。為了拓寬探測(cè)波長(zhǎng)范圍和提高低溫探測(cè)器精度,某些紅外探測(cè)器需要工作在4-6K的溫區(qū)范圍。早期,該制冷溫區(qū)主要使用液氦或超流氦杜瓦。隨著機(jī)械式低溫制冷機(jī)的發(fā)展,越來越多的機(jī)械式制冷機(jī)應(yīng)用于空間探測(cè)領(lǐng)域。在4-6K的溫區(qū)范圍,與斯特林制冷機(jī)或斯特林型脈管制冷機(jī)相比,Joule-Thomson(J-T)制冷機(jī)具有更高的效率和更靈活的設(shè)計(jì),因此獲得了廣泛的關(guān)注和應(yīng)用。 有閥線性壓縮機(jī)是J-T節(jié)流制冷的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一。基于間隙密封和無油潤(rùn)滑技術(shù),可以實(shí)現(xiàn)線性壓縮機(jī)的高效共振運(yùn)行,且具有潛在的長(zhǎng)壽命和高可靠性；通過簧片閥的作用,使得壓縮機(jī)達(dá)到一個(gè)較高的壓比,實(shí)現(xiàn)J-T制冷機(jī)的工作循環(huán)。與動(dòng)圈式相比,動(dòng)磁式線性壓縮機(jī)具有更高的效率,更大的比推力；且無氣體污染,無飛線,結(jié)構(gòu)更緊湊,因此對(duì)于空間用液氦溫區(qū)的J-T節(jié)流制冷機(jī),動(dòng)磁式線性壓縮機(jī)將具有無法比擬的優(yōu)勢(shì)。據(jù)此,本文開展了以下工作： 1.系統(tǒng)地總結(jié)了線性壓縮機(jī)的發(fā)展歷程,分別從優(yōu)勢(shì)、應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域、直線電機(jī)、支撐系統(tǒng)、氣閥、損失分析、減振、新型結(jié)構(gòu)和材料等領(lǐng)域?qū)�性壓縮機(jī)進(jìn)行全面的闡述。 2.建立了有閥線性壓縮機(jī)的基本數(shù)學(xué)模型和非線性模型并進(jìn)行求解；對(duì)于單活塞線性壓縮機(jī),建立了采用動(dòng)態(tài)平衡器進(jìn)行被動(dòng)減振的數(shù)學(xué)模型；同時(shí)也分析了有閥線性壓縮機(jī)的損失機(jī)理及其效率定義；針對(duì)柔性板彈簧,提出了同時(shí)考慮“徑軸向剛度比”和“最大應(yīng)力與軸向剛度比”為板彈簧的優(yōu)化參數(shù),從而更加精確地指導(dǎo)板彈簧的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)工作。 3.結(jié)合上述理論分析和有限元方法,設(shè)計(jì)了一臺(tái)動(dòng)磁式有閥線性壓縮機(jī),具體介紹了活塞氣缸的直徑行程計(jì)算、直線電機(jī)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)、板彈簧的選型及氣閥設(shè)計(jì)加工等過程。 4.通過實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量了板彈簧的軸向剛度,其結(jié)果與有限元計(jì)算值較吻合,平均誤差為11.6%。同時(shí),將線性壓縮機(jī)與氣閥裝配在一起進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)現(xiàn)了單級(jí)壓縮比為3,可以通過有閥線性壓縮機(jī)將0.1MPa的氦氣壓縮到0.3MPa,將0.3MPa的氦氣壓縮到0.9MPa,并且為兩級(jí)壓縮實(shí)現(xiàn)9的壓比確定了優(yōu)化工況。
[Abstract]:With the development and progress of science and technology, refrigeration cryogenic technology has been widely concerned and applied in aerospace field. Different objects require different refrigeration temperatures. In order to widen the detection wavelength range and improve the precision of low-temperature detectors, some infrared detectors need to work in the temperature range of 4-6K. In the early stage, liquid helium or superfluid helium Dewar was mainly used in the cooling temperature range. With the development of mechanical cryogenic refrigerators, more and more mechanical refrigerators are applied in space detection field. In the temperature range of 4-6K, compared with Stirling refrigerator or Stirling type pulse tube refrigerator, Joule-Thomson J-T refrigerator has higher efficiency and more flexible design, so it has been widely paid attention to and applied. Linear compressor with valves is one of the key technologies of J-T throttling refrigeration. Based on the clearance seal and oil-free lubrication technology, the linear compressor can be operated with high efficiency and resonance, and it has potential long life and high reliability. By the action of Reed valve, the compressor can achieve a high pressure ratio. Working cycle of J-T refrigerator is realized. Compared with the moving coil type, the dynamic magnetic linear compressor has higher efficiency and higher specific thrust, no gas pollution, no flying line, and more compact structure, so for the space J-T throttling refrigerator in the liquid helium temperature region, Dynamic magnetic linear compressor will have unparalleled advantages. Accordingly, the following work has been carried out: 1. The development history of linear compressors is summarized systematically. The linear compressors are described comprehensively in the fields of advantages, application fields, linear motors, support systems, air valves, loss analysis, vibration reduction, new structures and materials, etc. 2. The basic mathematical model and nonlinear model of linear compressor with valve are established and solved, and the mathematical model of passive vibration reduction with dynamic balancer is established for linear compressor with single piston. At the same time, the loss mechanism and efficiency definition of linear compressor with valves are analyzed, and the optimum parameters of plate spring are put forward, which consider "axial stiffness ratio" and "maximum stress to axial stiffness ratio" at the same time. Therefore, the optimum design of plate spring can be guided more accurately. 3. Combined with the above theoretical analysis and finite element method, a dynamic magnetic valve linear compressor is designed. The calculation of piston cylinder diameter stroke, the optimization design of linear motor, the selection of plate spring and the design and processing of valve are introduced in detail. 4. The axial stiffness of the plate spring is measured experimentally. The results are in good agreement with the finite element method, and the average error is 11.6. At the same time, the linear compressor and the valve are assembled together to carry out the experiment. The single-stage compression ratio is 3. The helium gas of 0.1MPa can be compressed to 0.3MPa by a linear compressor with valves, and the helium gas of 0.3MPa can be compressed to 0.9MPa. The optimum condition is determined for realizing the pressure ratio of 9 by two-stage compression.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TB652

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