本文選題：陣列 + 圓柱繞流��； 參考：《南京信息工程大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)前超聲波測(cè)風(fēng)陣列均存在圓柱或類圓柱結(jié)構(gòu),在流場(chǎng)中每個(gè)圓柱結(jié)構(gòu)均等同于一個(gè)渦街發(fā)生器。當(dāng)風(fēng)速和圓柱間間距不同時(shí),決定渦形態(tài)的雷諾數(shù)值大小相異,即流體繞柱流動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的湍流形態(tài)發(fā)生變化,測(cè)風(fēng)路徑上流場(chǎng)分布不穩(wěn)定,造成風(fēng)速和風(fēng)向信息采集源誤差。減弱超聲波測(cè)風(fēng)陣列中湍流對(duì)測(cè)風(fēng)路徑的干擾,降低湍流對(duì)信號(hào)采集精度的影響,提高超聲波測(cè)風(fēng)精度,在氣象探測(cè)領(lǐng)域具有重要的理論意義和應(yīng)用價(jià)值。本文分析了換能器陣列影響風(fēng)流場(chǎng)的因素,改進(jìn)了超聲波測(cè)風(fēng)陣列設(shè)計(jì),推導(dǎo)了風(fēng)速和風(fēng)向計(jì)算公式。通過仿真,與兩種常用的超聲波測(cè)風(fēng)陣列進(jìn)行了比較,通過對(duì)改進(jìn)型陣列和對(duì)比陣列建模分析,降低了湍流對(duì)測(cè)風(fēng)精度的影響,驗(yàn)證了所設(shè)計(jì)陣列的穩(wěn)定性和有效性;結(jié)合軟硬件設(shè)計(jì),建立了測(cè)風(fēng)實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)。具體工作內(nèi)容如下:采用六個(gè)收發(fā)一體的超聲波換能器,設(shè)置獨(dú)立的三條測(cè)風(fēng)路徑,根據(jù)不同來流方向,建立了風(fēng)速計(jì)算模型,推導(dǎo)了風(fēng)速和風(fēng)向計(jì)算公式,結(jié)合換能器晶片的工作特性,對(duì)換能器選型進(jìn)行了理論計(jì)算,降低了換能器陣列的陰影效應(yīng)。利用FLUENT等軟件,對(duì)改進(jìn)型等邊三角陣列,十字相交陣列,塔式結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行建模,通過網(wǎng)格劃分,高度離散陣列測(cè)風(fēng)區(qū)域,設(shè)置不同雷諾數(shù)、來流風(fēng)速和風(fēng)向等參數(shù),仿真了流場(chǎng)在三種不同陣列中分布特性,得到陣列速度云圖和測(cè)風(fēng)路徑速度變化圖,通過分析不同雷諾數(shù)下測(cè)風(fēng)路徑上渦的形態(tài)對(duì)風(fēng)速影響,驗(yàn)證了測(cè)風(fēng)陣列改進(jìn)后的的穩(wěn)定性和有效性,說明了所設(shè)計(jì)陣列能提高測(cè)風(fēng)精度。同時(shí)通過仿真分析,指出了陣列密集,圓柱數(shù)量多,在空氣繞流時(shí)改變了換能器周圍流場(chǎng)分布,增強(qiáng)了換能器間耦合作用,使湍流加劇,影響測(cè)量精度,這為測(cè)風(fēng)陣列小型化設(shè)計(jì)提供了理論依據(jù)。結(jié)合所設(shè)計(jì)的超聲波測(cè)風(fēng)陣列,分析了測(cè)量工作原理,設(shè)計(jì)了測(cè)量電路,基于時(shí)差法,搭建了實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)。通過在實(shí)際風(fēng)場(chǎng)中測(cè)試,分析了不同路徑超聲波渡越時(shí)間之間的差異,驗(yàn)證了湍流擾動(dòng)對(duì)測(cè)風(fēng)精度影響,為進(jìn)一步完善超聲波測(cè)風(fēng)系統(tǒng)打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:At present, there are cylindrical or cylindrical structures in the ultrasonic wind array. In the flow field, each cylindrical structure is equal to a vortex generator. When the wind speed and the distance between the cylinders are different, the Reynolds number which determines the vortex shape is different, that is, the turbulent flow pattern caused by the flow around the cylinder changes, and the distribution of the flow field on the wind measurement path is unstable, which results in the source error of collecting wind speed and wind direction information. It is of great theoretical significance and application value to reduce the interference of turbulence in ultrasonic wind array to wind path, to reduce the influence of turbulence on signal acquisition accuracy, and to improve the accuracy of ultrasonic wind measurement. In this paper, the influence factors of transducer array on wind flow field are analyzed, the design of ultrasonic wind array is improved, and the calculation formulas of wind speed and wind direction are derived. The simulation results are compared with two kinds of ultrasonic wind measurement arrays. By modeling and analyzing the improved array and contrast array, the influence of turbulence on the wind measurement accuracy is reduced, and the stability and effectiveness of the designed array are verified. Combined with the design of software and hardware, the experimental platform of wind measurement is established. The main contents of the work are as follows: using six ultrasonic transducers as a whole, three independent wind measuring paths are set up. According to the different flow directions, the wind speed calculation model is established, and the calculation formulas of wind speed and wind direction are derived. Combined with the working characteristics of the transducer chip, the selection of the transducer is calculated theoretically, which reduces the shadow effect of the transducer array. Using FLUENT and other software, the improved equilateral triangular array, cross intersection array and tower structure are modeled. The parameters such as different Reynolds number, wind speed and wind direction are set up by grid division, height discrete array wind measurement area, etc. The distribution characteristics of the flow field in three different arrays are simulated, and the array velocity cloud map and the wind path velocity change diagram are obtained. The effect of vortex shape on the wind speed is analyzed under different Reynolds numbers. The stability and effectiveness of the improved wind measurement array are verified, which shows that the designed array can improve the accuracy of wind measurement. At the same time, through simulation analysis, it is pointed out that the array is dense, the number of cylinders is large, the distribution of flow field around the transducer is changed when the air flows around, the coupling effect between the transducers is enhanced, the turbulence intensifies, and the measurement accuracy is affected. This provides a theoretical basis for the miniaturization design of wind measurement array. Combined with the designed ultrasonic wind measurement array, the principle of the measurement is analyzed, the measuring circuit is designed, and the experimental platform is built based on the time difference method. The difference of ultrasonic transit time between different paths is analyzed by testing in actual wind field. The influence of turbulence disturbance on wind measurement accuracy is verified, which lays a solid foundation for further improvement of ultrasonic wind measurement system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB55

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