本文選題：白龍江流域 + 大型滑坡�。� 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：白龍江流域位于青藏高原與黃土高原之間的過(guò)渡區(qū),為斜坡急劇變形帶。流域內(nèi)大型滑坡具有分布范圍廣、密度大、活動(dòng)頻繁、危害嚴(yán)重等特點(diǎn)。本文基于研究區(qū)工程地質(zhì)環(huán)境條件,著重對(duì)白龍江大型滑坡發(fā)育特征進(jìn)行分析,對(duì)流域內(nèi)大型滑坡的進(jìn)行分類(lèi),探討各類(lèi)型滑坡的控制因素、演化歷史及其成因機(jī)制并總結(jié)歸納出該類(lèi)型滑坡的地質(zhì)力學(xué)“概念模型”,以期望獲得流域內(nèi)大型滑坡發(fā)育特征及成因機(jī)制方面的重要理論和對(duì)災(zāi)害預(yù)測(cè)、災(zāi)害救治方面的實(shí)際意義。本文在前人的研究成果、遙感解譯、野外調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,采用統(tǒng)計(jì)分析、定性分析、半定量分析、數(shù)值模擬等方法,系統(tǒng)地分析和研究白龍江流域大型滑坡的工程地質(zhì)環(huán)境條件、分布規(guī)律、發(fā)育特征、演化過(guò)程、成因機(jī)制以及堵江滑坡的分布規(guī)律、影響因素、環(huán)境效應(yīng)、復(fù)活機(jī)制等,可以得出以下結(jié)論:(1)流域內(nèi)大型滑坡具有顯著地沿河流水系呈線狀分布和沿?cái)嗔褞С蕩罘植嫉奶攸c(diǎn);大型滑坡分布對(duì)河流岸別無(wú)明顯選擇性;流域內(nèi)90%以上的大型滑坡分布在距斷層距離小于5.0km的范圍內(nèi),斷裂交叉、錯(cuò)列及交匯部位呈現(xiàn)出大型滑坡集中分布的特點(diǎn);流域內(nèi)大型滑坡數(shù)目(N)與最近斷裂的地表破裂面的垂直距離(Dr)滿足以下關(guān)系:N=113.9e-0.4Dr(R2=0.9553)。(2)流域內(nèi)大型滑坡主滑方向以NE向、W向?yàn)橹?但是武都區(qū)兩水鎮(zhèn)至舟曲縣臘子口鄉(xiāng)一帶表現(xiàn)出與斷層走向基本一致的特征,即SE向和NW向?yàn)橹?流域內(nèi)大型滑坡的滑移距離與滑坡體積有關(guān),隨著體積的增大,大型滑坡的運(yùn)動(dòng)性摩擦系數(shù)呈指數(shù)降低,部分大型滑坡表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)碎屑流特征;流域內(nèi)大型滑坡的視摩擦角與滑坡體積滿足以下關(guān)系:f=11.422e-0.472lg(V/m~3)(R2=0.5148)。(3)流域內(nèi)大型滑坡主要受地形地貌、地層巖性、岸坡結(jié)構(gòu)、斷裂構(gòu)造、新構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)及地震的影響;1)流域內(nèi)大型滑坡表現(xiàn)出與高程和微地貌很好的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,大部分大型滑坡分布在1200~2600m(上游2200~2600m、中游1600~2200m、下游1200~1600m)以下的河谷峽谷段,尤其是寬谷向峽谷轉(zhuǎn)折部位;2)流域內(nèi)軟硬相間層狀巖巖組最有利于大型滑坡發(fā)育,93%以上的大型滑坡與千枚巖、板巖等淺變質(zhì)巖相關(guān);3)流域內(nèi)中傾順向坡最有利于大型滑坡發(fā)育,巖層傾角越陡斜坡穩(wěn)定性越差,順向坡與含有與坡向基本一致的結(jié)構(gòu)面逆向坡斜坡穩(wěn)定性差。(4)依據(jù)大型滑坡的巖土體類(lèi)型以及滑面的發(fā)育位置可將區(qū)內(nèi)的大型滑坡進(jìn)一步劃分為黃土層內(nèi)滑坡、黃土接觸面滑坡、黃土-基巖滑坡、基巖滑坡等共四大類(lèi);同時(shí),結(jié)合具體斜坡結(jié)構(gòu)、演化過(guò)程、地質(zhì)力學(xué)模式,歸納總結(jié)區(qū)內(nèi)大型滑坡的成因機(jī)制,黃土層內(nèi)滑坡的成因機(jī)制主要為蠕滑-拉裂;黃土接觸面滑坡接觸面滑坡的成因機(jī)制主要為拉裂-拋射、地震液化-塑性流動(dòng)、拉裂-潰滑等;黃土-基巖滑坡與基巖滑坡的成因機(jī)制主要為滑移-拉裂、拉裂-潰滑、彎曲-拉裂、滑移-傾倒、褶皺翼部控制型、斷裂破碎帶型等。(5)區(qū)內(nèi)不完全堵江滑坡數(shù)量與完全堵江滑坡數(shù)量之比約2:1,其形成與分布具有區(qū)域性與群發(fā)性的特點(diǎn);地形地貌、地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、水動(dòng)力條件與地震活動(dòng)等為滑坡堵江的主要影響因素;野外調(diào)查表明,草坡滑坡向白龍江上游至武都區(qū)桔柑鄉(xiāng)段,現(xiàn)至少保存有8處湖相沉積物,沉積物頂面拔河高程普遍在55~70m之間,沉積物主要以粉土、細(xì)砂為主,局部可見(jiàn)有卵礫石層;因?yàn)槲磳?duì)8處沉積物進(jìn)行測(cè)年,尚不能確定均由草坡滑坡堰塞白龍江形成;基于FLAC-3D數(shù)值模擬表明:天然狀態(tài)下滑坡堆積體的剪應(yīng)變值較小,堆積體中、后部出現(xiàn)較為明顯的剪應(yīng)變集中帶,剪應(yīng)變?cè)隽考袔б喑霈F(xiàn)在滑坡中后部但其并未貫通整個(gè)滑坡堆積體;地震作用下堆積體總位移量與水平位移量均在堆積體中、后部表現(xiàn)為最大值,堆積體后緣及其前緣部位均出現(xiàn)較明顯的剪應(yīng)變集中帶,說(shuō)明地震是導(dǎo)致該滑坡復(fù)活的主要因素。
[Abstract]:The white Longjiang basin is located in the transition zone between the Qinghai Xizang Plateau and the Loess Plateau, which is the steep deformation zone of the slope. The large landslides in the basin have the characteristics of wide distribution, large density, frequent activity and serious harm. This paper is based on the engineering geological conditions of the study area, focusing on the analysis of the development characteristics of the large landslides in white Longjiang, and the large-scale landslides in the basin. This paper classifies the landslides, discusses the controlling factors of various types of landslides, the evolution history and its genetic mechanism, and sums up the "conceptual model" of the geological mechanics of this type of landslides, in order to expect to obtain the important theory of the characteristics and mechanism of the large landslides in the basin, the prediction of the disaster and the practical significance of the disaster treatment. On the basis of previous research results, remote sensing interpretation and field investigation, the engineering geological environment conditions, distribution rules, development characteristics, evolution process, genetic mechanism and distribution law of the landslide in the white Longjiang basin are systematically analyzed and studied by means of statistical analysis, qualitative analysis, semi quantitative analysis and numerical simulation. Affecting factors, environmental effects and resurrection mechanisms, we can draw the following conclusions: (1) the large landslides in the basin have the characteristics of linear distribution along the river flow system and the strip distribution along the fault zone; the distribution of large landslides has no obvious selectivity to the river bank; more than 90% of the large landslides in the basin are distributed at the distance from the fault to less than 5.0km. Within the range, the fracture intersection, the fault column and the intersection point show the characteristics of large landslides; the number of large landslides (N) in the basin and the vertical distance (Dr) of the surface rupture surface (Dr) meet the following relationship: N=113.9e-0.4Dr (R2=0.9553). (2) the main sliding direction of the large landslides in the basin is NE and W direction, but the town of Wudu area is two water. The area of La Zi Kou Township in Zhouqu county is basically consistent with the fault trend, that is, SE direction and NW direction. The sliding distance of large landslides in the basin is related to the landslide volume. With the increase of volume, the movement friction coefficient of large landslides decreases exponentially, and some large sliding slopes show strong debris flow characteristics, and large landslides in the basin. The apparent friction angle and the landslide volume meet the following relation: f=11.422e-0.472lg (V/m~3) (R2=0.5148). (3) large landslides in the basin are mainly affected by topography, lithology, bank slope structure, fracture structure, the influence of neotectonic movement and earthquake; 1) the large landslides in the basin show a good correspondence with the elevation and micro landforms, and most of the large landslides In the valley Canyon section below 1200~2600m (upstream 2200~2600m, middle reaches 1600~2200m, downstream 1200~1600m), especially the turning part of the wide valley to the canyon; 2) the soft and hard interphase stratiform rock group is most beneficial to the development of large landslides, and more than 93% of the large landslides are related to the phyllite, the slate and other superficial metamorphic rocks; 3) the middle inclined slope in the basin is the most important. The stability of the steep slope is worse, the stability of the slope is worse. (4) the large landslides in the large landslides can be further divided into landslides in the loess layer, the Loess contact surface landslides, and the Yellow loess. There are four types of soil bedrock landslides and bedrock landslides. At the same time, combined with concrete slope structure, evolution process and geomechanics model, the genetic mechanism of large landslides in the area is summed up. The main cause mechanism of the landslides in the loess layer is creep and crack, and the mechanism of the contact surface landslides on the contact surface of the loess is mainly caused by crack and ejection and liquefaction of the earthquake. The formation mechanism of loess bedrock landslides and bedrock landslides is mainly slip and pull, crack and slip, bend and pull, slip and fall, fold wing control type and fracture fracture zone type. (5) the number of incomplete landslides in the area is about 2:1, and its formation and distribution are regional. The main influence factors of the landform, landform, geomorphology, geological structure, hydrodynamic conditions and seismic activity are the main influencing factors of the landslide, and the field investigation shows that at least 8 lacustrine sediments are preserved at the upper reaches of white Longjiang to the tangerine township of Wudu District, and the top of the sediment top is generally between 55~70m and the sediments are mainly in the sediments. The silt and fine sand are the main parts of the gravel layer. Because the 8 sediments are not measured in 8 places, it is not sure that all of them are formed by the grass slope landslide weir in white Longjiang. Based on the numerical simulation, the shear strain value of the natural state sliding slope is small, and the shear strain increment is obvious in the back part and the shear strain increment in the rear part of the accumulation body. The concentration zone also appears in the back of the landslide but it does not pass through the whole landslide accumulation body. The total displacement and horizontal displacement of the accumulation body are all in the accumulation body under the earthquake action, the rear part shows the maximum value, and the posterior margin and the front edge of the accumulation body appear more obvious shear strain concentrated zone, indicating that the earthquake is the main factor leading to the resurrection of the landslide.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P642.22

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