本文選題：制動(dòng)過程 + 動(dòng)能回收��； 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：工程機(jī)械中,如挖掘機(jī)、裝載機(jī)等常常由液壓缸驅(qū)動(dòng),這些液壓缸頻繁的啟動(dòng)與制動(dòng),為了防止制動(dòng)過程中的沖擊,液壓缸通常采用液壓制動(dòng)閥進(jìn)行制動(dòng)。系統(tǒng)在制動(dòng)時(shí)動(dòng)能會(huì)以熱能的形式耗散在節(jié)流口上,從而導(dǎo)致油液的溫度升高,制動(dòng)性能下降。特別對(duì)需頻繁制動(dòng)的系統(tǒng)影響更大。采用液壓閥制動(dòng)的同時(shí)會(huì)造成大量的能量損失,不利于節(jié)能。為了使執(zhí)行元件快速平穩(wěn)的制動(dòng),盡量減小緩沖腔的壓力沖擊,并把制動(dòng)過程的能量進(jìn)行回收再利用,國內(nèi)外學(xué)者做出了很多研究。如從提高發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃油效率、改進(jìn)液壓系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)和優(yōu)化發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)-負(fù)載功率匹配控制策略等角度進(jìn)行分析,但制動(dòng)過程中能量損問題依舊存在。針對(duì)需頻繁啟動(dòng)與制動(dòng)的高速重載液壓系統(tǒng)存在的制動(dòng)沖擊和能量損耗問題,首先對(duì)現(xiàn)有的制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行歸納整理,結(jié)合負(fù)載敏感雙向制動(dòng)回路的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)及工作原理,提出一種以蓄能器為儲(chǔ)能元件,通過蓄能器壓力控制液壓變壓器中變量泵的排量,使負(fù)載達(dá)到平穩(wěn)制動(dòng)和能量回收的系統(tǒng)。畫出原理圖,并結(jié)合數(shù)學(xué)模型闡述了系統(tǒng)的工作原理和控制方法。利用這種無節(jié)流損失的控制方式有效的降低了壓力沖擊和能量損耗。在滿足制動(dòng)特性,同時(shí)兼顧能量回收效率的前提下,對(duì)制動(dòng)回路中的主要元件蓄能器、液壓變壓器、切斷閥做出基本介紹,分析其工作原理和數(shù)學(xué)模型,并進(jìn)行選型和參數(shù)的匹配,對(duì)切斷閥的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),畫出結(jié)構(gòu)原理圖,最后通過液壓變壓器、蓄能器、切斷閥相互配合,滿足系統(tǒng)的要求。給定工況的條件下,在AMESim軟件中對(duì)制動(dòng)能量回收系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行仿真,設(shè)置系統(tǒng)參數(shù),得到液壓缸制動(dòng)腔及蓄能器壓力、變量泵排量變化、蓄能器體積等的仿真曲線圖,分析結(jié)果表明該系統(tǒng)能實(shí)現(xiàn)負(fù)載的快速平穩(wěn)制動(dòng)并回收大部分動(dòng)能。文中還討論了在不同負(fù)載質(zhì)量、不同初速度的情況下系統(tǒng)的制動(dòng)特性和能量回收效率,研究結(jié)果表明,該系統(tǒng)對(duì)不同工況具有較強(qiáng)的適應(yīng)能力。與負(fù)載敏感制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,充分證明了新型系統(tǒng)的在制動(dòng)和能量回收方面的優(yōu)越性。指出影響系統(tǒng)的能量損失和能量回收效率的因素,主要包括機(jī)械摩擦損失、泄漏損失、粘性阻尼損失及控制過程中的損失等。對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析計(jì)算,得到系統(tǒng)能量回收的總效率達(dá)63.24%。在通過對(duì)系統(tǒng)模型進(jìn)行仿真,詳細(xì)分析和研究液壓變壓器排量、減速器的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量、蓄能器的初始?jí)毫绑w積、切斷閥的參數(shù)設(shè)置對(duì)制動(dòng)能量回收系統(tǒng)的具體影響,對(duì)最終液壓元件參數(shù)的優(yōu)化和確定提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In construction machinery, such as excavators, loaders and so on, often driven by hydraulic cylinders, these cylinders frequently start and brake, in order to prevent the impact of the braking process, hydraulic brake valves are usually used to brake the cylinder. The kinetic energy of the system will be dissipated on the throttle in the form of heat energy during braking, which will lead to the increase of oil temperature and the decrease of braking performance. Especially for the need for frequent braking system more impact. The use of hydraulic valve brake will cause a large amount of energy loss at the same time, which is not conducive to energy saving. In order to make the actuator brake quickly and smoothly, reduce the pressure shock of the buffer chamber as much as possible, and recycle the energy of the braking process, scholars at home and abroad have made a lot of research. For example, from the point of view of improving engine fuel efficiency, improving hydraulic system structure and optimizing the control strategy of engine load power matching, the energy loss problem still exists in the braking process. Aiming at the problems of braking shock and energy loss existing in high speed and heavy load hydraulic system which need to start and brake frequently, the existing braking system is summarized and sorted, and combined with the structural characteristics and working principle of load sensitive bidirectional braking circuit. A system is proposed in which the accumulator is used as the energy storage element and the displacement of the variable pump in the hydraulic transformer is controlled by the accumulator pressure, so that the load can achieve a steady braking and energy recovery. The working principle and control method of the system are described by drawing the schematic diagram and combining with the mathematical model. This control method with no throttling loss can effectively reduce the pressure shock and energy loss. On the premise of satisfying the braking characteristics and taking into account the efficiency of energy recovery, the main components of the brake circuit, accumulator, hydraulic transformer and cut-off valve, are introduced, and their working principle and mathematical model are analyzed. The structure of the cut-off valve is designed, and the schematic diagram is drawn. Finally, the hydraulic transformer, accumulator and cut-off valve cooperate with each other to meet the requirements of the system. Under given working conditions, the braking energy recovery system is simulated in AMESim software, and the system parameters are set up. The simulation curves of brake chamber and accumulator pressure, variable pump displacement, accumulator volume and so on are obtained. The analysis results show that the system can realize fast and steady braking of load and recover most of kinetic energy. The braking characteristics and energy recovery efficiency of the system under different load mass and different initial speed are also discussed. The results show that the system has strong adaptability to different working conditions. Compared with the load sensitive braking system, the advantages of the new system in braking and energy recovery are fully proved. It is pointed out that the factors affecting the energy loss and energy recovery efficiency of the system mainly include mechanical friction loss, leakage loss, viscous damping loss and loss in the control process. The total energy recovery efficiency of the system is 63.24. Through the simulation of the system model, the effects of hydraulic transformer displacement, the moment of inertia of reducer, the initial pressure and volume of accumulator, the parameter setting of cutting valve on the braking energy recovery system are analyzed and studied in detail. It provides a theoretical basis for the optimization and determination of the final hydraulic component parameters.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TH137.51

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