本文選題：高光譜 + 水體信息提取��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：高光譜數(shù)據(jù)具有光譜波段多、波段連續(xù)及圖譜合一等特點(diǎn),能提供豐富細(xì)致的地表信息,可以捕捉到內(nèi)陸水體復(fù)雜多變的特征。論文在對(duì)高光譜遙感數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行特征分析和預(yù)處理的基礎(chǔ)上,研究和實(shí)現(xiàn)了河網(wǎng)城市的水體提取工作,并對(duì)相應(yīng)的水體提取方法進(jìn)行性能分析和評(píng)價(jià)。 論文的主要工作如下： (1)分析研究城市內(nèi)主要地物的理論光譜模型,主要包括：水體、植被、土壤、城區(qū)和陰影,總結(jié)各個(gè)地物的光譜反射特性,為水體信息專題提取做準(zhǔn)備；詳細(xì)分析了高光譜數(shù)據(jù)源的數(shù)據(jù)特征、描述模型和預(yù)處理工作,并在Linux環(huán)境下實(shí)現(xiàn)了遙感快視圖的生成,使得遙感影像分析工作更加便捷。 (2)在南方城市河網(wǎng)密布,陰影等影響因子較多的情況下,利用機(jī)載AISA獲取的高光譜遙感影像,通過(guò)分析實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)域不同水體環(huán)境,劃分為5個(gè)包含水體信息的數(shù)據(jù)場(chǎng)景,通過(guò)分析不同場(chǎng)景中的水體提取影響因子,確定高光譜數(shù)據(jù)源中水體的特征波段,發(fā)現(xiàn)除近紅外波段外,水體的光譜曲線在690nm-770nm波段表現(xiàn)出了與其他地物不同的變化趨勢(shì)。 (3)研究現(xiàn)有的水體提取經(jīng)典方法,包括：譜間關(guān)系法、歸一化差異水體指數(shù)法(NDWI, Normal Differential Water Index)和支持向量機(jī)(SVM, Support Vector Machine);同時(shí)根據(jù)高光譜遙感數(shù)據(jù)的特點(diǎn),選擇適用于各個(gè)經(jīng)典算法的高光譜數(shù)據(jù)的特征波段,實(shí)現(xiàn)多場(chǎng)景多方法的水體提取。根據(jù)場(chǎng)景分析得到的水體高光譜數(shù)據(jù)的特征波段,利用近紅外閾值判斷同特征波段構(gòu)造的水體指數(shù)影像結(jié)合,構(gòu)造基于高光譜水體特征波段的決策樹方法；經(jīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,此算法可以提高水體提取的速度和準(zhǔn)確度。 (4)通過(guò)對(duì)譜間關(guān)系法、NDWI、SVM和基于特征波段的決策樹算法的水提結(jié)果精度進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)高光譜數(shù)據(jù)源的特征波段能很好的抑制非水體的信息,尤其是城市建筑的陰影,為以后城市制圖、地表覆蓋分類和水體信息的研究提取奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Hyperspectral data are characterized by multiple spectral bands, continuous bands and the integration of spectra, which can provide rich and detailed surface information and capture the complex and changeable characteristics of inland water bodies. On the basis of feature analysis and pretreatment of hyperspectral remote sensing data, this paper studies and realizes the extraction of water body in river network city, and analyzes and evaluates the performance of the corresponding water extraction method. The main work of the thesis is as follows: 1) analyze and study the theoretical spectral models of the main features in the city, including: water body, vegetation, soil, urban area and shadow, summarize the spectral reflection characteristics of each feature, and prepare for the special topic extraction of water information; The data features of hyperspectral data source, description model and preprocessing are analyzed in detail, and the fast view of remote sensing is generated in Linux environment, which makes the analysis of remote sensing image more convenient. 2) in the case of dense river network in southern cities and more influence factors such as shadow, the hyperspectral remote sensing images obtained by airborne AISA are divided into five data scenes containing water information by analyzing different water environment in the experimental area. By analyzing the influence factors of water extraction in different scenes, the characteristic bands of water bodies in hyperspectral data sources were determined. It was found that the spectral curves of water bodies showed a different trend from other ground objects in the 690nm-770nm band except for the near infrared band. (3) to study the existing classical methods of water body extraction, including: spectral relationship method, normalized differential water body index method (NDWI), Normal Differential Water Index) and support vector machine (SVM), Support Vector machine, and according to the characteristics of hyperspectral remote sensing data, The feature bands of hyperspectral data suitable for each classical algorithm are selected to achieve multi-scene and multi-method water extraction. According to the characteristic band of the hyperspectral data obtained from scene analysis, the decision tree method based on the characteristic band of hyperspectral water body is constructed by combining the near infrared threshold judgment with the water body index image constructed in the characteristic band. This algorithm can improve the speed and accuracy of water extraction. 4) by analyzing the accuracy of water extraction result of NDWI SVM and decision tree algorithm based on feature band, it is found that the feature band of hyperspectral data source can restrain the information of non-water body, especially the shadow of urban buildings. It lays a foundation for urban mapping, classification of surface cover and extraction of water information.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TP751

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