本文選題：形態(tài)域 + 產(chǎn)品構(gòu)形分析��； 參考：《東華大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：產(chǎn)品的工業(yè)設(shè)計是一個復(fù)雜的過程,形態(tài)作為產(chǎn)品的最基本特征、最本質(zhì)的外部形象,在其設(shè)計過程中常遇到的問題可以基本歸納為以下三種：美學(xué)問題、結(jié)構(gòu)問題和人機問題。對于產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)來說,其設(shè)置布局在于解決物與物之間的關(guān)系,而處理結(jié)構(gòu)的最終目的是當人使用產(chǎn)品時,能夠更好的實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品功能；由此可見,解決人與物之間的關(guān)系則顯得更為重要。產(chǎn)品形態(tài)的發(fā)展和研究在經(jīng)歷了形態(tài)追隨功能、國際化等時期后,設(shè)計界開始引進多學(xué)科理論方法,形態(tài)設(shè)計研究開始更多地考慮與人互動的因素,人機工程、人性化、感性因素等紛紛成為工業(yè)設(shè)計中的新熱點。 工業(yè)設(shè)計過去在很大程度上依靠工業(yè)設(shè)計師的靈感和創(chuàng)意本能,所以在產(chǎn)品系統(tǒng)上缺少可以嚴謹分析的工具和標準,本文基于形態(tài)域和產(chǎn)品單元化特征,提出了包括網(wǎng)格畫法、斷面掃描及特征提取法、尋線法等產(chǎn)品設(shè)計新方法。力圖從產(chǎn)品在創(chuàng)意之初到系列化產(chǎn)品設(shè)計上都能提出一種有效的理性化手段對設(shè)計過程進行控制,這也是本研究的重點著墨之處。 利用形態(tài)域與單元化特征的設(shè)計方法能夠較為合理的分析產(chǎn)品表面變化關(guān)系,并對組成產(chǎn)品的線條進行研究,為設(shè)計師提供細節(jié)設(shè)計依據(jù)。通過網(wǎng)格法提出了一種將平面二維視圖轉(zhuǎn)化為三維軸側(cè)視圖的設(shè)計新方式,并應(yīng)用斷面掃描分析和產(chǎn)品表面尋線分析、得到反映產(chǎn)品形態(tài)趨勢的質(zhì)心線、劃分產(chǎn)品的功能模塊、建立產(chǎn)品的活性區(qū)域。為了在設(shè)計中完善產(chǎn)品特征模塊與人體的交互關(guān)系,研究了人體運動關(guān)節(jié)尺寸分析了人體立體域與產(chǎn)品的特征變化關(guān)系。提出人體行為立體域設(shè)計法,該方法適合應(yīng)用于產(chǎn)品外部輪廓形態(tài)、產(chǎn)品特征識別以及系列化產(chǎn)品群的設(shè)計和改進�；谛螒B(tài)域和單元化特征的設(shè)計研究方法對工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計和改進都有著較為重要的意義。 本文的主要研究內(nèi)容包括以下幾個方面： (1)在工業(yè)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計中引入了形態(tài)域和單元化特征的概念,通過對產(chǎn)品設(shè)計中特征的識別、作用和遺傳模式的分析,聯(lián)系目前產(chǎn)品設(shè)計流程中存在的問題,提出產(chǎn)品設(shè)計中的兩個重要研究基礎(chǔ)——形態(tài)域和產(chǎn)品單元化特征,并論述了其概念和基本理論內(nèi)容：以特征的點、線、面、體的設(shè)計為關(guān)鍵,運用新的設(shè)計方法探討產(chǎn)品的構(gòu)形分析與設(shè)計,并說明了此方法的優(yōu)勢所在。 (2)提出了“網(wǎng)格尋點畫法”,以此進行產(chǎn)品改進平臺的構(gòu)建。此方法從產(chǎn)品理性表達層面出發(fā),提出了產(chǎn)品二維和三維表達的互換關(guān)系以及轉(zhuǎn)換方法——首先進行產(chǎn)品表面線條的分類,加深對產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的認識：然后通過“網(wǎng)格尋點畫法”由產(chǎn)品的二維工程圖較快速、較準確、較方便地轉(zhuǎn)換為產(chǎn)品軸測圖的輔助手繪。同時說明了此方法的具體實施步驟和所使用的工具,并以鼠標為例進行了方法展示。 (3)提出了尋線設(shè)計方法,引入了貝塞爾曲線的概念及特征,由此進行產(chǎn)品表面樣條線的分類,提出了“尋線”的概念——此方法是一種提供對產(chǎn)品進行細化設(shè)計時的設(shè)計手段,通過產(chǎn)品表面線條反求殼線,對功能模塊組內(nèi)的線條進行分類定義,獲得產(chǎn)品線條的特征,將線條組之間進行角度比和長度比分析,找到產(chǎn)品線條活性區(qū)域,從而優(yōu)化產(chǎn)品線條關(guān)系。 (4)提出了斷面掃描及特征提取法。作為一種產(chǎn)品設(shè)計的分析方法,斷面掃描法從產(chǎn)品的視覺動態(tài)分析出發(fā),通過運用三維掃描獲得已有產(chǎn)品的各個角度的斷面形態(tài)特征,借助設(shè)計分析軟件、統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析、數(shù)值分析等多種手段對產(chǎn)品分層掃描面的邊緣線特征進行分析研究,分析截面屬性,并基于截面屬性提出了質(zhì)心線的概念,結(jié)合對方向盤進行質(zhì)心線提取、分析水果刀中的質(zhì)心線等案例,說明其在產(chǎn)品人機工程學(xué)中的意義。 (5)提出了形態(tài)域這種新的設(shè)計方式,其中包括人的行為域和產(chǎn)品造型邊界的概念,為產(chǎn)品設(shè)計布局過程提供了先期平臺。隨后的相關(guān)信息模型,系列模型和動態(tài)過程的協(xié)作控制模型將使整個設(shè)計過程成為動態(tài)的交互過程設(shè)計。解決人與物、人與環(huán)境、物與環(huán)境之間不和諧的關(guān)系,并首次實現(xiàn)人體數(shù)據(jù)與產(chǎn)品設(shè)計參數(shù)之間的映射,將人機工程參與設(shè)計過程前期,完成從尺寸驅(qū)動到3D人體模型驅(qū)動的空間設(shè)計方式。 通過對上述內(nèi)容的研究和探索,本文作者希望此研究的結(jié)果和內(nèi)容可以為工業(yè)設(shè)計提供一些較為理性的設(shè)計方法和手段,為工業(yè)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計的進一步發(fā)展奠定理性分析設(shè)計基礎(chǔ),并希望為后續(xù)的工業(yè)設(shè)計工作者繼續(xù)探索提供新的思路和方法。
[Abstract]:The industrial design of a product is a complex process. As the most basic feature of the product, the most essential external image of the product, the problems often encountered in the process of design can be summed up as follows: aesthetic, structural and man-machine problems. For product structure, its layout is to solve the relationship between objects and things. The final purpose of the processing structure is to realize the function of the product better when the product is used. Thus, it is more important to solve the relationship between people and things. The development and research of product form have begun to introduce the multidisciplinary theory method and form design after the development and study of the form following function and internationalization. The study began to consider more factors that interact with people. Ergonomics, humanization and perceptual factors have become the new hot topics in industrial design.
In the past, industrial design relies on the inspiration and creative instinct of industrial designers to a great extent. Therefore, there is a lack of tools and standards that can be carefully analyzed in the product system. Based on the features of the morphologic domain and product unit, a new method of product design, including mesh drawing, section scanning and feature extraction, and line finding, is proposed. The product can put forward an effective rational means to control the design process from the beginning of the creative to the serial product design, which is also the key point of this study.
Using the design method of the form domain and the unit feature, the relationship between the product surface change can be analyzed reasonably, and the line of the product is studied. The design basis is provided for the designer. A new design method of transforming the plane two-dimensional view into the three-dimensional axis view is proposed by the grid method, and the section scanning is applied to the design. In order to improve the relationship between product feature module and human body, the relationship between human body movement joint size and product characteristics is analyzed. The method of behavior stereoscopic domain design is suitable for application to the shape of the product external contour, the identification of product features, and the design and improvement of the series of product groups. The design and research method based on the morphological domain and the unit characteristics have a more important meaning to the design and improvement of the industrial products.
The main contents of this paper include the following aspects:
(1) in the design of industrial products, the concept of morphologic and unit features is introduced. By identifying the characteristics of the product design, the analysis of the function and the genetic model, the existing problems in the current product design process are linked, and two important research bases in the product design are put forward, which are the features of the form domain and the product unit, and the concept of the product design is discussed. Thinking and basic theory content: the design of the feature point, line, surface and body is the key, and the new design method is used to discuss the configuration analysis and design of the product, and the advantages of this method are explained.
(2) a "grid searching method" is proposed to build a product improvement platform. From the level of product rational expression, this method puts forward the interchangeability relationship between the two-dimensional and three-dimensional expression of the product and the transformation method - first classifying the product surface lines to deepen the understanding of the product structure: and then through "grid search" The method is faster, more accurate, more accurate and more convenient to translate into the auxiliary hand drawing of the product axonometric drawing. At the same time, the concrete implementation steps and the tools used in this method are illustrated, and the mouse is used as an example to show the method.
(3) the design method of line finding is put forward, the concept and characteristics of Bessel curve are introduced, the classification of the product surface spline line is carried out, and the concept of "line finding" is put forward. This method is a design means to provide a refined design for the product. The line is divided into the function module group through the reverse of the shell line of the product surface line. Class definition, the characteristics of product lines, line groups of angle ratio and length ratio analysis, find product line active area, so as to optimize the product line relationship.
(4) the method of section scanning and feature extraction is proposed. As an analytical method of product design, the section scanning method starts from the visual dynamic analysis of the product, and obtains the morphological features of the various angles of the existing products by using the three-dimensional scanning method, and delamination of the product with the help of design analysis software, integration analysis, numerical analysis and so on. The characteristics of the edge line of the scanning surface are analyzed and studied, the properties of the cross section are analyzed, and the concept of the centroid line is put forward based on the cross section properties. The core line is extracted from the steering wheel, and the core line in the fruit knife is analyzed, and the significance of it in the ergonomics of the product is illustrated.
(5) a new design method of the morphological domain is proposed, including the concept of human behavior domain and product modeling boundary, which provides a pre stage platform for the design and layout process of the product. The subsequent related information model, series model and dynamic process cooperative control model will make the whole setting process a dynamic interactive process design. The relationship between objects, human and environment, objects and environment is not harmonious, and the mapping between human data and product design parameters is realized for the first time. In the early stage of design, the space design mode driven by size driven to 3D human body model is completed.
Through the research and exploration of the above content, the author hopes that the results and contents of this study can provide some more rational design methods and means for industrial design, and lay a foundation for rational analysis and design for the further development of industrial product design, and hope to provide new ideas for the further exploration of industrial design workers. And methods.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB472

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