本文選題：蒸散發(fā) + 遙感�。� 參考：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：地球上的任何地方都存在著蒸散發(fā)現(xiàn)象。地表通過吸收太陽輻射獲取能量，而能量的消耗則主要通過水分蒸散發(fā)的方式進(jìn)行。大氣中的水分以雨、雪、霧、霜、冰雹等氣體、液體或固體的方式轉(zhuǎn)移到地表，而地表水體水面蒸發(fā)、土壤蒸發(fā)和植被蒸騰則將70%的降水蒸散發(fā)到大氣中。在水分交換的過程中，能量也隨著水分的交換而傳輸，實(shí)際上地表和大氣之間的水分交換是一個(gè)物質(zhì)和能量同時(shí)參與的過程。在這一過程中，蒸散發(fā)成為地表和大氣之間水分平衡和能量平衡不可或缺的組成部分。 受時(shí)間變化以及地形、氣候、植被空間分布不均等因素影響，蒸散發(fā)具有很強(qiáng)的時(shí)間變異性和空間變異性。傳統(tǒng)方法如波文比法、空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)方法、渦旋相關(guān)法等都基于點(diǎn)源來計(jì)算蒸散量，計(jì)算結(jié)果適用于點(diǎn)或周圍很小范圍，并不能向區(qū)域擴(kuò)展，在空間尺度上的區(qū)域蒸散發(fā)研究中難以實(shí)現(xiàn)。遙感技術(shù)可提供長時(shí)間序列大范圍地表信息，能夠?qū)Φ匚锾卣餍畔⑦M(jìn)行整體上的描述，在時(shí)間和空間上連續(xù)，可以將觀測結(jié)果向區(qū)域擴(kuò)展，打破了傳統(tǒng)方法的局限性，從而使區(qū)域蒸散發(fā)估算更為方便，應(yīng)用更為廣泛。準(zhǔn)確的估算地表蒸散發(fā)對于我們研究人類活動(dòng)和氣候變化對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響有十分重要的意義。 本文以SEBAL模型為基礎(chǔ)，采用Landsat5TM影像結(jié)合DEM數(shù)據(jù)和氣象數(shù)據(jù)，選取甘肅省慶陽市正寧縣為研究區(qū)進(jìn)行區(qū)域蒸散發(fā)遙感估算研究。研究中使用ArcGIS和ENVI軟件，對遙感影像、DEM數(shù)據(jù)做鑲嵌、裁剪、矢柵轉(zhuǎn)換等處理并得到了蒸散發(fā)估算所需要的很多中間數(shù)據(jù)。在TM影像預(yù)處理方面，主要研究了遙感影像輻射校正的原理并實(shí)現(xiàn)了輻射定標(biāo)和FLAASH大氣校正。對DEM數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了柵格和矢量的轉(zhuǎn)換，生成的點(diǎn)要素參與了基于DEM的氣象數(shù)據(jù)反距離權(quán)重法插值，從而預(yù)測出研究區(qū)的氣象數(shù)據(jù)，彌補(bǔ)了研究區(qū)缺少氣象數(shù)據(jù)的不足。對SEBAL模型估算蒸散發(fā)的過程進(jìn)行了仔細(xì)深入的研究，并成功反演了地表參數(shù)和能量通量。最終估算出了研究區(qū)日蒸散量，并對結(jié)果進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證及分析。 通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，，利用遙感技術(shù)來估算區(qū)域蒸散發(fā)能夠比較方便地獲取研究數(shù)據(jù)，采用SEBAL模型計(jì)算過程清晰。同時(shí)，由于所獲數(shù)據(jù)具有瞬時(shí)性，反演地表參數(shù)和能量通量采用較多簡化的經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式，使得最終的結(jié)果往往誤差較大。因此，還需要進(jìn)一步的研究，以期得到更好的估算區(qū)域蒸散發(fā)的方法，從而為人類更深刻地認(rèn)識(shí)自己所處的生態(tài)環(huán)境做貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:There is evapotranspiration anywhere on the earth.The surface absorbs solar radiation to obtain energy, and the energy consumption is mainly carried out by water evapotranspiration.Water in the atmosphere is transferred to the surface of the earth in the form of rain, snow, fog, frost, hail and other gases, liquids or solids, while surface water evaporation, soil evaporation and vegetation transpiration send 70% of the precipitation evapotranspiration into the atmosphere.In the process of water exchange, energy is also transferred with the exchange of water. In fact, the water exchange between the earth's surface and the atmosphere is a process in which both substance and energy are involved.In this process, evapotranspiration becomes an integral part of water balance and energy balance between the surface and atmosphere.The evapotranspiration has strong temporal variability and spatial variability due to the influence of time variation, topography, climate and spatial distribution of vegetation.The traditional methods, such as Boven ratio method, aerodynamics method and vortex correlation method, are all based on point sources to calculate evapotranspiration. The results are applicable to a very small range of points or around, and can not be extended to the region.It is difficult to study the regional evapotranspiration on spatial scale.Remote sensing technology can provide a large range of surface information in a long time series, can describe the feature information of ground objects as a whole, be continuous in time and space, can extend the observation results to the region, and break the limitation of traditional methods.Thus, the estimation of regional evapotranspiration is more convenient and widely used.Accurate estimation of surface evapotranspiration is of great significance for us to study the impacts of human activities and climate change on ecosystems.In this paper, based on SEBAL model and Landsat5TM image combined with DEM data and meteorological data, the remote sensing estimation of regional evapotranspiration was studied in Zhengning County, Qingyang City, Gansu Province.In this study, ArcGIS and ENVI software are used to deal with Dem data of remote sensing images, such as mosaic, clipping, vector gate conversion, and so on, and many intermediate data for estimation of evapotranspiration are obtained.In the aspect of TM image preprocessing, the principle of remote sensing image radiation correction is studied and the radiometric calibration and FLAASH atmospheric correction are realized.The transformation of grid and vector for DEM data is carried out, and the generated point elements participate in the inverse distance weight interpolation of meteorological data based on DEM, which can predict the meteorological data in the study area and make up for the lack of meteorological data in the study area.The process of estimating evapotranspiration by SEBAL model is studied in detail and the surface parameters and energy flux are retrieved successfully.Finally, the daily evapotranspiration was estimated, and the results were verified and analyzed.It is found that using remote sensing technology to estimate regional evapotranspiration can obtain the research data conveniently and the calculation process using SEBAL model is clear.At the same time, due to the instantaneous nature of the obtained data, many simplified empirical formulas are used for inversion of surface parameters and energy fluxes, which results in large errors in the final results.Therefore, further research is needed in order to obtain a better method for estimating regional evapotranspiration, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of the ecological environment in which human beings live.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP79

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