發(fā)布時間：2018-04-09 19:15

  本文選題：液態(tài)地膜　切入點：拉伸　出處：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報》2017年05期

【摘要】：為深入考察液態(tài)地膜在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)實際中應(yīng)用的可行性和施用技術(shù)的合理性,探索液態(tài)地膜成膜與穩(wěn)定機械性能變化規(guī)律及其影響機制,以商業(yè)液態(tài)地膜為研究對象,采用試驗平臺模擬實際田間成膜方法,利用萬能材料物理試驗機、食品物性分析儀等儀器,研究了液態(tài)地膜原漿液稀釋比例、原漿液用量及土壤環(huán)境條件對液態(tài)地膜薄膜抗拉伸力和成膜穩(wěn)定性的影響規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明:液態(tài)地膜的原漿液稀釋比例、原漿液用量以及土壤環(huán)境條件均在不同程度上影響液態(tài)地膜成膜與穩(wěn)定機械性能。其中液態(tài)地膜抗拉伸力隨著原漿液稀釋比例增加,呈現(xiàn)先增大后減小的趨勢,當(dāng)原漿液稀釋比例為1∶4時,液態(tài)地膜薄膜的抗拉伸力達到最大值,此時拉斷力為6.07N;當(dāng)原漿液與水配比一定,液態(tài)地膜的抗拉伸力隨著原漿液用量增加而逐漸增大,成膜穩(wěn)定性也隨之提高,然而過量的液態(tài)地膜漿液會吸附在成型的土壤團粒結(jié)構(gòu)表面,待水分蒸發(fā)后形成獨立膜體,不僅不能增強土壤團粒作用效果,反而給環(huán)境造成不必要的降解負擔(dān),因此推薦用量為45g·m~(-2),即450kg·hm~(-2);表層土壤顆粒度越小,噴施液態(tài)地膜后越容易把土粒粘結(jié)成小團塊,增大土壤團粒間結(jié)合力,在土壤表層形成連續(xù)的地膜,顯著提高土壤表面液態(tài)地膜成膜效果;同空白土壤樣本相比,施用液態(tài)地膜土壤經(jīng)模擬雨水浸泡后未出現(xiàn)明顯干涸裂紋,進一步說明液態(tài)地膜施用可以有效地改善表層土壤團粒間結(jié)合力,保持土壤團粒結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定,提高土壤水穩(wěn)定性和保墑效果。研究結(jié)果為液態(tài)地膜田間推廣應(yīng)用提供了理論支持和技術(shù)參考。
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the feasibility of the application of liquid mulching film in agricultural production and the rationality of the application technology, and to explore the change law and influence mechanism of the mechanical properties of liquid plastic film formation and stabilization, the commercial liquid mulching film was taken as the research object.The experiment platform was used to simulate the actual field film-forming method, and the dilution ratio of liquid film raw slurry was studied by means of universal material physical testing machine, food physical property analyzer and so on.The effects of the amount of raw slurry and soil environment on the tensile resistance and film forming stability of liquid film were studied.The results showed that the dilution ratio of the liquid film, the amount of the original slurry and the soil environmental conditions all affected the film formation and the stability of the liquid film in varying degrees.The tensile resistance of liquid film increases first and then decreases with the increase of the dilution ratio of the original slurry. When the dilution ratio of the original slurry is 1:4, the tensile resistance of the liquid film reaches the maximum.The tensile force is 6.07N. when the ratio of the original slurry to water is fixed, the tensile resistance of liquid film increases with the increase of the amount of the original slurry, and the stability of the film is also improved.However, excessive liquid film slurry will adsorb on the surface of the formed soil aggregate structure, and form an independent membrane after evaporation of water, which not only can not enhance the effect of soil aggregates, but also cause unnecessary degradation burden to the environment.Therefore, the recommended dosage is 45 g / m ~ (-2), that is, 450kg ~ (2 +). The smaller the surface soil particle is, the easier it is to bind the soil particle into a small mass after spraying liquid mulching film, to increase the intergranular adhesion of the soil, and to form a continuous mulching film on the surface of the soil.Compared with blank soil samples, liquid mulching soil did not appear dry crack after simulated Rain Water soaking.It was further indicated that the application of liquid mulching film could effectively improve the intergranular adhesion of surface soil, keep the structure of soil aggregates stable, improve the stability of soil water and the effect of soil moisture conservation.The results provide theoretical support and technical reference for the field application of liquid mulching film.
【作者單位】： 沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)工程學(xué)院;中國人民解放軍空軍工程大學(xué)信息與導(dǎo)航學(xué)院;
【基金】：遼寧省中央引導(dǎo)地方科技發(fā)展專項項目(2016007022)
【分類號】：S316;TB383.2
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本文編號：1727776