本文選題：超低頻　切入點：絕對振動　出處：《浙江師范大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：超低頻絕對振動是指振動頻率在1Hz以下,相對于慣性空間找不到或者沒有靜止參考點(即基準)的振動,例如航空飛行器,航海軍艦以及大型橋梁等。實際工程應(yīng)用中,對于超低頻絕對振動的測量,一直難以找到較為理想的測量方式,現(xiàn)有的幾款慣性式測振傳感器,幅頻響應(yīng)呈高通特性,其固有頻率普遍在5Hz～12Hz之間,在測量超低頻時,傳感器的輸出信號幾乎“淹沒”在噪聲中。本文通過對當今最受歡迎的磁電式速度傳感器的力學模型入手,對其結(jié)構(gòu)特性、頻率特性、信噪比等進行分析和論證,發(fā)現(xiàn)該模型存在嚴重的先天不足,即很難從機械結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計著手降低傳感器的固有頻率fn=(1/2π)(?)k/m(式中k為彈簧倔強系數(shù),m為慣性質(zhì)量塊的質(zhì)量),減小彈簧倔強系數(shù)k,傳感器極易自己晃動不停而“自激”,增大慣性質(zhì)量塊m,又勢必要增大傳感器的質(zhì)量和體積,從而影響測量精度和適用廣度。 為此本文提出了一種利用兩塊永久磁鐵同名端之間的斥力來代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)傳感器機械彈簧力的新設(shè)想,并把這種利用磁場力形成的阻尼取名為“磁阻尼”�；诖抛枘岬男聶C理,本文主要做了如下幾項工作： (1)基于磁阻尼新機理的傳感器數(shù)學模型及其分析； (2)磁阻尼新機理傳感器配套的信號調(diào)理電路； (3)研制了一只基于磁阻尼新機理的傳感器原理樣機； (4)自制了一臺傳感器原理樣機的簡易超低頻振動測試激勵臺； (5)獲得了原理樣機0.25Hz下,有較好信噪比的測試波形。 實驗波形表明,該傳感器可以在超低頻段獲得有效的信號,且有較好的信噪比,可為進一步研究超低頻絕對振動傳感器提供良好的借鑒。 最后,本論文對后續(xù)進一步的研究工作做了總結(jié)和展望,明確了未來的工作研究內(nèi)容和方向。
[Abstract]:Ultra-low frequency absolute vibration refers to vibration frequency below 1Hz, which can not be found or has no reference point (i.e. reference) relative to inertial space, such as aeronautical aircraft, navigation warships and large bridges, etc. In practical engineering applications, It is difficult to find an ideal measurement method for the measurement of ultra-low frequency absolute vibration. Some inertial vibration sensors have high pass characteristic in amplitude and frequency response, and their natural frequency is generally between 5Hz~12Hz, when measuring ultra-low frequency, The output signal of the sensor is almost submerged in noise. This paper analyzes and proves the structure characteristic, frequency characteristic, signal-to-noise ratio and so on of the most popular magnetoelectric speed sensor. It is found that the model has serious inherent defects, that is, it is difficult to reduce the natural frequency of the sensor fn=(1/2 蟺 from the design of mechanical structure. K / m (where k is the mass of the inertia mass block with a spring stubbornness coefficient or m, if the spring stubbornness coefficient k is reduced, the sensor can easily shake itself and "self-excite", increase the inertia mass block m, it is bound to increase the mass and volume of the sensor. Thus, the measurement accuracy and the scope of application are affected. In this paper, a new idea of using the repulsive force between the two permanent magnets to replace the mechanical spring force of the traditional sensor is proposed, and the damping formed by the magnetic field force is called "magnetic damping", which is based on the new mechanism of magnetic damping. The main work of this paper is as follows:. 1) the sensor mathematical model and its analysis based on the new mechanism of magnetic damping; (2) the signal conditioning circuit of the new magnetic damping mechanism sensor; A sensor prototype based on the new mechanism of magnetic damping is developed. (4) A simple ultra-low frequency vibration test and excitation platform is made for a prototype of sensor principle. The test waveform with good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is obtained under the principle prototype 0.25Hz. The experimental waveforms show that the sensor can obtain effective signals in the ultra-low frequency band and has a good signal-to-noise ratio, which can provide a good reference for the further study of ultra-low frequency absolute vibration sensors. Finally, this paper summarizes and prospects the further research work, and clarifies the research content and direction in the future.
【學位授予單位】：浙江師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP212;TB523

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