本文選題：聲人工結(jié)構(gòu)　切入點(diǎn)：倏逝波　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：醫(yī)學(xué)超聲的迅速發(fā)展對(duì)聲學(xué)設(shè)備提出了更高的要求,聚焦換能器作為醫(yī)學(xué)超聲中的一種重要元件,由于其工作原理和性能的限制,已難以滿足醫(yī)學(xué)超聲發(fā)展的需求。聲人工結(jié)構(gòu)因其具有普通材料無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能、可產(chǎn)生奇特的物理效應(yīng)而得到人們的廣泛關(guān)注。隨著聲人工結(jié)構(gòu)研究的蓬勃發(fā)展,其在生物醫(yī)學(xué)超聲中的應(yīng)用也受到學(xué)術(shù)界的極大關(guān)注。本論文主要研究聲人工結(jié)構(gòu)材料中特殊的物理效應(yīng)在醫(yī)療聚焦超聲方面的潛在應(yīng)用,主要內(nèi)容包括：(1)亞波長(zhǎng)聚焦,(2)艾里聲束聚焦,(3)聲超常聚焦透鏡。傳統(tǒng)的聚焦換能器,受到衍射極限的限制無(wú)法獲得半波長(zhǎng)以下尺寸的焦點(diǎn),影響了超聲治療的治療精度。一般而言,物體的散射聲波中包括行波與倏逝波,其中倏逝波的幅值會(huì)隨著傳播距離呈指數(shù)衰減。傳統(tǒng)聲學(xué)成像技術(shù)中接收換能器無(wú)法獲得倏逝波的信息。人們?cè)谘芯柯暼斯そY(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)其對(duì)倏逝波的放大效應(yīng),在此基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)現(xiàn)了突破衍射極限的超分辨率成像。本論文以聲人工結(jié)構(gòu)的倏逝波放大效應(yīng)為基礎(chǔ),設(shè)計(jì)了一種多通道結(jié)構(gòu),實(shí)現(xiàn)了聲亞波長(zhǎng)聚焦。該結(jié)構(gòu)在提高醫(yī)學(xué)超聲成像質(zhì)量、高強(qiáng)度聚焦超聲(HIFU)青細(xì)聚焦等方面有著潛在的應(yīng)用。在使用HIFU治療胸腹部的組織時(shí),肋骨常在聲傳播路徑上,會(huì)對(duì)治療效果造成極大影響,為了能夠使聲束彎曲繞開(kāi)骨骼治療骨后組織,同時(shí)也為了進(jìn)一步對(duì)聚焦聲束進(jìn)行精確操控,我們研究了艾里聲束的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。作為一類典型的彎曲無(wú)衍射束,艾里束在醫(yī)學(xué)超聲的應(yīng)用中有著重要的意義。然而由于艾里函數(shù)的復(fù)雜性,以及工藝制造水平限制,使用傳統(tǒng)的方式激發(fā)艾里聲束存在著極大的困難。聲人工結(jié)構(gòu)中的聲超表面結(jié)構(gòu)具有良好的調(diào)控聲波相位的能力,因此我們通過(guò)在傳統(tǒng)活塞振子表面設(shè)計(jì)與艾里函數(shù)相位對(duì)應(yīng)的聲人工結(jié)構(gòu),對(duì)波陣面的相位進(jìn)行調(diào)控,通過(guò)數(shù)值模擬闡明了實(shí)現(xiàn)了艾里聲束的方法。相對(duì)于其他的方法,我們所提出的方法具有簡(jiǎn)單、易實(shí)現(xiàn)的優(yōu)勢(shì)。最后,本論文探討了利用一類特殊聲透鏡對(duì)聚焦效果進(jìn)行優(yōu)化的方法。聲透鏡式聚焦換能器因其應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)便、制作簡(jiǎn)單,是最常用的聚焦器件之一。本論文提出,在傳統(tǒng)的聚焦聲透鏡的球形表面,根據(jù)聲準(zhǔn)直理論設(shè)計(jì)人工結(jié)構(gòu)形成聲超常透鏡。數(shù)值模擬和實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量結(jié)果均表明,該透鏡能夠有效地改善聚焦性能,實(shí)現(xiàn)旁瓣抑制,因而對(duì)于提高HIFU治療的安全性和治療精度有潛在的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。聲人工結(jié)構(gòu)可用于產(chǎn)生奇特的物理效應(yīng),但更重要的問(wèn)題是將其與實(shí)際應(yīng)用相結(jié)合。本論文所提提出的三類結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)超聲診斷及治療有重要的應(yīng)用價(jià)值,例如：利用亞波長(zhǎng)聚焦透鏡可實(shí)現(xiàn)亞波長(zhǎng)超聲成像,利用非衍射艾里聲束聚焦和聲超常透鏡可以提高超聲治療的安全性。本論文的研究工作對(duì)于推動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)超聲設(shè)備的發(fā)展有著積極的作用,另一方面,也為聲人工結(jié)構(gòu)的研究開(kāi)辟了新的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of medical ultrasound has put forward higher requirements on the acoustic equipment, as an important element focused transducer in medical ultrasound, because of its working principle and performance constraints, has been difficult to meet the needs of the development of medical ultrasound. The sound of artificial structure because of its common materials can not be achieved, can produce peculiar physical effects get people's attention. With the rapid development of artificial structure sound, its application in biomedical ultrasound has attracted much attention in academic circles. The potential application of special physical effects, this thesis mainly studies the sound artificial structural materials in medical ultrasound aspects, the main contents include: (1) subwavelength focusing. (2) AI Lisheng focused beam (3) abnormal sound focusing lens. The focal point of the traditional transducer, unable to obtain the half wavelength size is below the diffraction limit, the effect of ultrasound The treatment of accuracy. In general, the scattered wave objects include traveling wave and evanescent wave, the amplitude of the evanescent wave will decrease exponentially with propagation distance. The traditional acoustic imaging technology in receiving transducer cannot obtain the evanescent wave information. It has been found on the amplification of the evanescent wave effect in the study of acoustic artificial structure when implemented on the basis of super-resolution imaging beyond the diffraction limit. In this paper, the structure of artificial acoustic evanescent wave amplification effect as the basis for the design of a multi-channel structure, to achieve sound subwavelength focusing. The structure in the improvement of medical ultrasonic imaging quality, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) with the potential application of green fine focusing etc. in the treatment of thoracic and abdominal HIFU tissue, ribs often in the sound path, will cause a great impact on the treatment effect, in order to make the beam bending around the bone after bone treatment group Fabric, at the same time in order to further accurate manipulation of the focused beam, we study the implementation method of AI Lisheng beam. As a kind of typical bending non diffraction beam and Airy beam in the application of medical ultrasound has important significance. However, due to the complexity of the Airy function, and level of manufacturing process, the use of the traditional way to stimulate the AI Lisheng beam there are great difficulties. The sound of artificial structure in the acoustic structure has good control over the surface acoustic wave phase ability, so we passed in a traditional piston vibrator surface design and Airy function phase corresponding to the sound of artificial structures, the regulation of wavefront phase, through the numerical simulation to illustrate the realization method of AI Lisheng beam. Compared with other methods, the proposed method is simple and easy to realize the advantages. Finally, this paper discusses on the focus by using a special class of acoustic lens Optimization method. The acoustic lens type focusing transducer because of its simple application, simple production, is one of the most commonly used focusing device. In this paper, the spherical surface focusing lens of the traditional theory, based on the sound design of artificial collimation structure formed abnormal sound lens. Numerical simulation and experiment results show that the lens can effectively improve the focusing performance, achieve sidelobe suppression, thus to have potential application value to improve the safety and accuracy of treatment HIFU treatment. The sound of artificial structures can be used to generate physical effect peculiar, but the more important question is to combine them with practical application. This paper proposed three kinds of structure of the application the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and treatment for example: the use of subwavelength focusing lens can realize subwavelength imaging, can improve the utilization of non diffraction beam focusing lens and extraordinary Lisheng AI The safety of ultrasound treatment is of great importance in promoting the development of medical ultrasound equipment. On the other hand, it has opened up a new application field for the research of acoustic artificial structure.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TB552

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