BTA深孔鉆削系統(tǒng)中鉆桿扭轉(zhuǎn)振動及減振技術(shù)研究
本文選題:深孔鉆削 切入點:鉆桿 出處:《中北大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
【摘要】:在機械制造行業(yè),尤其是重型機械行業(yè)中,深孔加工的地位是非常重要的。在深孔鉆削加工中,由于鉆桿又細(xì)又長,振動對加工精度、切削效率以及刀具耐用度都影響很大。鉆桿扭轉(zhuǎn)振動產(chǎn)生的原因主要有工件材質(zhì)不均和鉆桿抗扭剛度較弱。深孔鉆削中,扭轉(zhuǎn)振動比較常見且在深孔加工過程中危害較大,但目前還沒有很好的解決方案。 本文是在前人所做工作的基礎(chǔ)上,研究BTA深孔鉆削系統(tǒng)中鉆桿扭轉(zhuǎn)振動及采用的減振技術(shù),為處于加工過程中鉆桿的扭振減振提供理論基礎(chǔ),,具有重要的實踐指導(dǎo)意義。首先,綜合考慮了切削液和切屑對鉆桿扭振的影響,建立鉆桿扭振運動模型,再根據(jù)建立的模型以及彈性力學(xué)、材料力學(xué)、流體潤滑理論建立運動方程,從而計算出鉆桿扭轉(zhuǎn)振動的固有頻率及主振型函數(shù)。其次,研究了附加動力減振器之后的鉆桿系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)深孔加工的特點和加工現(xiàn)場的實際情況,建立深孔鉆削系統(tǒng)附加動力減振器后的模型以及運動方程,并分析得到動力放大因子和減振系數(shù)的解析式。再次,根據(jù)加工過程中鉆桿振動的情況,有選擇的設(shè)計動力減振器,并根據(jù)實際所提出的減振要求,提出相應(yīng)的目標(biāo)函數(shù),對動力減振器各項參數(shù)進行優(yōu)化,使得在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計階段,通過選取適當(dāng)?shù)淖枘岷蛣偠炔牧希箘恿p振器在工作過程中減振效果最佳。然后,對動力減振器的減振裝置進行結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計并介紹了動力減振器在BTA深孔鉆床上的安裝位置。最后對一加工實例,利用前述模型和優(yōu)化后的參數(shù)做了仿真分析,以驗證優(yōu)化設(shè)計的動力減振器的減振效果,結(jié)果表明,優(yōu)化后的動力減振器減振效果良好,對扭振的消除起到很好的作用。
[Abstract]:The position of deep hole machining is very important in the mechanical manufacturing industry, especially in the heavy machinery industry. In deep hole drilling, because the drill pipe is thin and long, vibration affects the machining accuracy. Cutting efficiency and tool life are very important. The main causes of torsional vibration of drill pipe are uneven material of workpiece and weak torsional stiffness of drill pipe. In deep hole drilling, torsional vibration is common and harmful in deep hole machining. But there is no good solution yet. On the basis of the previous work, this paper studies the torsional vibration of drill pipe and its damping technology in BTA deep hole drilling system, which provides a theoretical basis for the torsional vibration reduction of drill pipe in the process of machining. It has important practical significance. Firstly, considering the influence of cutting fluid and chip on the torsional vibration of drill pipe, the model of torsional vibration of drill pipe is established, and then according to the established model, elastic mechanics, material mechanics, The fluid lubrication theory establishes the motion equation, so as to calculate the natural frequency and the main mode function of the torsional vibration of the drill pipe. Secondly, the drilling pipe system after adding the dynamic shock absorber is studied. According to the characteristics of the deep hole machining and the actual condition of the machining field, The model and equation of motion after adding dynamic shock absorber to deep hole drilling system are established, and the analytical expressions of dynamic amplification factor and damping coefficient are obtained. Thirdly, according to the vibration of drill pipe in machining process, the dynamic shock absorber is designed selectively. According to the actual vibration absorption requirements, the corresponding objective function is put forward to optimize the parameters of the dynamic shock absorber, so that in the stage of structural design, appropriate damping and stiffness materials are selected. The vibration absorber is optimized in the working process. Then, the structure of the damper is designed and the installation position of the dynamic damper on the BTA deep hole drilling machine is introduced. Finally, a machining example is given. The model and the optimized parameters are used to verify the damping effect of the optimized dynamic shock absorber. The results show that the optimized dynamic damper has a good effect on the elimination of torsional vibration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:TG52;TB535
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