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  本文關鍵詞： 激光干涉探測技術 水下聲信號 小波變換 小波脊 瞬時頻率　出處：《重慶大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：世界上超過四分之三的國家領土與海洋接壤,同時隨著陸地資源的不斷開發(fā)與利用,很多資源瀕臨耗竭,因此海洋這個大寶庫里豐富的各類資源是世界各國爭奪的焦點。海洋無論是在經(jīng)濟上還是軍事上都占有舉足輕重的地位,人們對海洋的探索活動已經(jīng)深入一萬米以下的海底,因此傳統(tǒng)的聲吶技術很難滿足水下目標探測的要求。如何快速精準的實現(xiàn)水下目標信息的提取是探測水下目標的關鍵問題。本文研究激光干涉探測技術的基本原理,利用小波變換工具對水表面激光干涉信號進行處理解調(diào)出水表面聲波的頻率和振幅等信息,并設計搭建了一套實驗探測系統(tǒng)進行實驗研究。相關的研究工作如下:(1)深入研究了水表面聲波理論和激光干涉基本原理,推導出水表面質(zhì)點的運動在理想情況下是一種正弦波運動,同時研究發(fā)現(xiàn)當水下產(chǎn)生聲源信號時,水下聲源的振動會引起水表面質(zhì)點的振動,且水下聲源信號的頻率和它引起的水表面微振動波的振動頻率是一致的,即水表面散射光和參考光攜帶了水下聲波信息,因此利用此原理提出了水下聲信號激光干涉探測的方法,并通過大量的仿真實驗驗證了該探測方法的正確性。(2)研究提出了一種基于小波變換的水下聲信號頻率估算方法。介紹了小波變換的基本理論,通過分析光電干涉信號的時頻分布特征,發(fā)現(xiàn)了小波脊點的分布規(guī)律,并根據(jù)此規(guī)律應用Morlet小波對水下聲信號的頻率進行估算。設計了利用Mach-Zehnder干涉儀的水表面聲波干涉信號解調(diào)方法。(3)基于激光干涉原理,搭建實驗平臺,簡要介紹了水下聲信號探測系統(tǒng)的水下聲信號產(chǎn)生單元、光路設計單元和數(shù)據(jù)采集單元,通過對水下聲信號中低頻段和高頻段分別進行實驗,整個頻段實驗結果誤差都小于0.25%,表明依據(jù)小波脊點分布特征的估算水下聲信號瞬時頻率的方法是行之有效的。綜上所述,本文依據(jù)水下聲信號的小波脊特征,提出水聲源信號頻率瞬時頻率估算的方法,利用該方法進行了探測實驗。
[Abstract]:More than 3/4 countries in the world are bordering on the sea, and with the continuous development and utilization of land resources, many resources are on the verge of depletion. Therefore, the rich resources in the great treasure house of the sea are the focus of the world. The ocean occupies a pivotal position both economically and militarily, and people's exploration of the ocean has reached a depth of 10,000 meters below the sea floor. Therefore, the traditional sonar technology is difficult to meet the requirements of underwater target detection. How to extract underwater target information quickly and accurately is the key problem of underwater target detection. The basic principle of laser interference detection technology is studied in this paper. The wavelet transform tool is used to process and demodulate the frequency and amplitude of the surface acoustic wave on the water surface. A set of experimental detection system is designed and built for experimental research. The related research work is as follows: (1) the theory of water surface acoustic wave and the basic principle of laser interference are deeply studied. It is deduced that the motion of water surface particle is a kind of sine wave movement under ideal condition. At the same time, it is found that the vibration of underwater sound source will cause the vibration of water surface particle when underwater sound source signal is produced. And the frequency of underwater sound source signal is consistent with the vibration frequency of water surface micro-vibration wave, that is, water surface scattering light and reference light carry underwater acoustic wave information. Therefore, the method of laser interference detection of underwater acoustic signal is proposed by using this principle. The correctness of the detection method is verified by a large number of simulation experiments. A method of underwater acoustic signal frequency estimation based on wavelet transform is proposed, and the basic theory of wavelet transform is introduced. By analyzing the time-frequency distribution characteristics of photoelectric interference signals, the distribution law of wavelet ridges is found. According to this rule, the frequency of underwater acoustic signal is estimated by using Morlet wavelet. Based on the principle of laser interferometry, an experimental platform is designed based on the demodulation method of water surface acoustic interference signal using Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The underwater acoustic signal generation unit, optical circuit design unit and data acquisition unit of underwater acoustic signal detection system are briefly introduced. The experimental error of the whole frequency band is less than 0.25, which shows that the method of estimating the instantaneous frequency of underwater acoustic signal based on wavelet ridge distribution is effective. In summary, according to the wavelet ridge feature of underwater acoustic signal, A method for estimating the instantaneous frequency of underwater sound source signal is presented and the detection experiment is carried out.
【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TB56

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