本文關(guān)鍵詞： 聲壓級(jí) 實(shí)時(shí)信號(hào)處理 嵌入式Linux 時(shí)間計(jì)權(quán)聲級(jí) 倍頻程分析　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：聲學(xué)是研究物質(zhì)中機(jī)械波的產(chǎn)生、傳播和接收及其與物質(zhì)相互作用的科學(xué)。聲音是由物體(固體、液體和氣體)的振動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的,當(dāng)一個(gè)物體振動(dòng)時(shí),就會(huì)激勵(lì)周圍的彈性介質(zhì)隨之運(yùn)動(dòng),以疏密交替形式并以一定的速度向外傳播而形成疏密波,這種介質(zhì)的疏密波即為聲波,聲波會(huì)對(duì)接觸物體產(chǎn)生壓力,人能聽(tīng)到聲音就是由于聲壓對(duì)耳膜產(chǎn)生振動(dòng)而刺激神經(jīng),聲級(jí)計(jì)就是將聲壓信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成電信號(hào)然后計(jì)算出聲級(jí)的測(cè)量?jī)x表。作為最基本最常用的聲學(xué)測(cè)量?jī)x器,聲級(jí)計(jì)既是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中作為檢測(cè)機(jī)器工作狀態(tài)的手段之一,也是環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)中測(cè)量噪聲的主要儀器,研究便攜的實(shí)時(shí)聲壓級(jí)測(cè)量?jī)x器具有實(shí)際的工程應(yīng)用價(jià)值。 本課題重點(diǎn)著眼于實(shí)時(shí)聲級(jí)計(jì)系統(tǒng)搭建和聲級(jí)實(shí)時(shí)測(cè)量的研究,從測(cè)量聲級(jí)的基本功能出發(fā),在嵌入式Linux操作系統(tǒng)中設(shè)計(jì)出可移動(dòng)的便攜式聲級(jí)測(cè)量?jī)x器,采用聲壓傳感器、DSP多通道信號(hào)分析系統(tǒng)、搭載嵌入式Linux系統(tǒng)的ARM芯片組成實(shí)時(shí)聲級(jí)測(cè)量系統(tǒng),將采集的模擬信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字信號(hào),通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)的基于DSP的時(shí)間計(jì)權(quán)聲級(jí)算法和倍頻程分析算法,計(jì)算出各計(jì)權(quán)聲級(jí)和信號(hào)頻譜,將計(jì)算結(jié)果上傳給ARM進(jìn)行后續(xù)的處理,充分利用了DSP強(qiáng)大的數(shù)字信號(hào)處理能力,完成了聲壓級(jí)測(cè)量分析系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,所設(shè)計(jì)出的測(cè)量系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對(duì)聲壓級(jí)的實(shí)時(shí)測(cè)量,達(dá)到國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一級(jí)聲級(jí)計(jì)的性能要求。 本文在嵌入式技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)聲壓級(jí)測(cè)量技術(shù)進(jìn)行了深入的研究,提出了時(shí)間計(jì)權(quán)聲級(jí)算法和倍頻程分析方法,針對(duì)DSP的運(yùn)算特點(diǎn)對(duì)算法進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,使得時(shí)間計(jì)權(quán)聲級(jí)的運(yùn)算速度大大加快,倍頻程分析算法實(shí)現(xiàn)了多頻段的同步分析,提高了聲級(jí)測(cè)量的實(shí)時(shí)性,對(duì)于精度也有一定保證,實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)采集的聲壓信號(hào)的實(shí)時(shí)處理。 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,系統(tǒng)在測(cè)量精度和測(cè)量實(shí)時(shí)性方面均達(dá)到了設(shè)計(jì)要求,各方面指標(biāo)符合國(guó)家對(duì)于一級(jí)聲級(jí)計(jì)的要求。
[Abstract]:Acoustics is the science of studying the generation, propagation, and reception of mechanical waves in matter and their interaction with matter. Sound is produced by the vibration of objects (solids, liquids, and gases) when an object vibrates. The surrounding elastic media will be excited to move along with it and form a dense wave in the form of alternating density and propagating outward at a certain speed. The dense wave of this medium is acoustic wave, which will produce pressure on the contact object. People can hear sound because the sound pressure on the eardrum vibration and stimulate the nerve sound level meter is to convert the sound pressure signal into electrical signal and then calculate the sound level measurement instrument. As the most basic and most commonly used acoustic measurement instrument. The sound level meter is not only one of the means of measuring the working state of the machine in industrial production, but also the main instrument for measuring noise in the environmental monitoring. The research of portable real-time sound pressure level measuring instrument has practical application value. This paper focuses on the system construction of real-time sound level meter and the research of real-time sound level measurement, starting from the basic function of sound level measurement. A portable sound level measuring instrument is designed in embedded Linux operating system, and the sound pressure sensor is used to analyze the multi-channel signal. The real-time sound level measurement system is composed of ARM chip with embedded Linux system, which converts the collected analog signal into digital signal. Through the design of time-weighted sound level algorithm based on DSP and frequency-doubling analysis algorithm, each weighted sound level and signal spectrum are calculated, and the calculation results are uploaded to ARM for subsequent processing. The design and implementation of sound pressure level measurement and analysis system is completed by making full use of the powerful digital signal processing ability of DSP. The experimental results show that the designed measurement system can realize the real-time measurement of sound pressure level. To meet the national standards of the first level of sound level meter performance requirements. In this paper, based on embedded technology, the sound pressure level measurement technology is deeply studied, and the time-weighted sound level algorithm and frequency-doubling analysis method are proposed, and the algorithm is optimized according to the operation characteristics of DSP. The calculation speed of the time weighted sound level is greatly accelerated, the frequency doubling analysis algorithm realizes the synchronous analysis of multi-frequency band, improves the real-time performance of the sound level measurement, and also has certain guarantee for the accuracy. The real-time processing of the collected sound pressure signal is realized. The experimental results show that the system meets the design requirements in terms of measurement accuracy and real-time measurement, and all the indicators meet the requirements of the country for the first class sound level meter.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TB52

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