本文選題：中國(guó)特色新型智庫(kù) + 政策制定��； 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代智庫(kù)自從于19世紀(jì)末誕生以來(lái),就逐步得到了各國(guó)的重視,發(fā)展至今已成為各國(guó)公共政策制定不可或缺的一部分。“智庫(kù)”,即思想庫(kù),它匯集的是各領(lǐng)域?qū)＜易畛錆M智慧的研究成果。雖然世界各國(guó)的學(xué)者對(duì)它的定義尚不統(tǒng)一但不可否認(rèn)的是研究者都強(qiáng)調(diào)了它的功能,即研究公共政策,并為公共政策的制定提供思想產(chǎn)品,簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)就是為決策當(dāng)局出謀劃策。其實(shí)隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,人民參政的熱情逐步高漲,智庫(kù)的功能也就不僅僅局限在最初的一點(diǎn)上,而是發(fā)展成為啟民、孕才、強(qiáng)國(guó)等各方面,可以說(shuō)它已經(jīng)成為聯(lián)系政府和人民的橋梁。中國(guó)自建國(guó)以來(lái)就注重培育現(xiàn)代智庫(kù),到2013年黨中央提出建設(shè)具有中國(guó)特色新型智庫(kù),智庫(kù)的發(fā)展在國(guó)內(nèi)引起一股前所未有的熱潮。這不僅取決于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的高度重視,也取決于當(dāng)下中國(guó)社會(huì)的需要。中國(guó)目前正處于經(jīng)濟(jì)增速換檔期、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整陣痛期、前期刺激政策消化期這樣一種特殊時(shí)期,政府制定政策涉及的問(wèn)題越來(lái)越復(fù)雜,需要智庫(kù)充分發(fā)揮好“智囊團(tuán)”的作用。智庫(kù)在逐步發(fā)展的同時(shí)確實(shí)為決策當(dāng)局提供了越來(lái)越多的幫助,如提高了決策效率、提高了決策的科學(xué)性、讓決策更能貼近民意等,但是在新型智庫(kù)建設(shè)過(guò)程中也暴露出了很多問(wèn)題,如整體水平不高、獨(dú)立性和平衡性缺乏等。所以本文就從如何更好地發(fā)展中國(guó)特色新型智庫(kù)的角度來(lái)展開(kāi)全文。本文首先對(duì)中國(guó)特色新型智庫(kù)的內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行界定,重點(diǎn)對(duì)“中國(guó)特色”與“新型”進(jìn)行了闡釋,反映出與以往智庫(kù)的不同。然后通過(guò)對(duì)中國(guó)智庫(kù)發(fā)展歷程的回顧,引出了當(dāng)前所進(jìn)行的新型智庫(kù)建設(shè)階段,并對(duì)這一階段智庫(kù)建設(shè)的現(xiàn)狀,從量、組織形式、影響力等各方面進(jìn)行了介紹。雖然我國(guó)新型智庫(kù)在近幾年得到迅速發(fā)展,但問(wèn)題依舊重重,包括：各類型、各地區(qū)智庫(kù)發(fā)展缺乏平衡,智力資源分配不均；缺乏在國(guó)際上有影響力的一流智庫(kù)；研究缺乏創(chuàng)新性和獨(dú)立性等。導(dǎo)致這些問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)的原因有三個(gè)方面：從政府角度來(lái)說(shuō),沒(méi)有進(jìn)行合理引導(dǎo)、沒(méi)有在法律上規(guī)定政府向智庫(kù)購(gòu)買決策咨詢是制定政策的必經(jīng)環(huán)節(jié)；從智庫(kù)行業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō),沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的全國(guó)性交流平臺(tái)、沒(méi)有完整的行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、沒(méi)有完善的行業(yè)管理機(jī)制；從研究者個(gè)人角度來(lái)說(shuō),沒(méi)有有效的自我定位和自我激勵(lì)。出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題就要及時(shí)解決,本文在借鑒美國(guó)智庫(kù)發(fā)展的優(yōu)秀經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合國(guó)情,提出了要從兩大方面來(lái)解決新型智庫(kù)發(fā)展中遇到的問(wèn)題：一方面要政府加強(qiáng)引導(dǎo),推進(jìn)開(kāi)放,完善需求；另一方面要智庫(kù)抓準(zhǔn)定位,加強(qiáng)交流,規(guī)范管理。新型智庫(kù)的建設(shè)不是一蹴而就的,它必然伴隨著一系列問(wèn)題。但只要堅(jiān)持從中國(guó)的特色出發(fā),堅(jiān)持創(chuàng)新的理念,取國(guó)外智庫(kù)建設(shè)之精華,相信在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)一定能看到中國(guó)的智庫(kù)也能走進(jìn)世界一流的行列。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of modern think-tank in the late 19th century, it has been paid more and more attention, and its development has become an indispensable part of public policy formulation. Think tanks, or think tanks, bring together the most intelligent research results of experts in various fields. Although scholars all over the world have not yet unified the definition of it, it is undeniable that the researchers have emphasized its function, that is, to study public policy and provide ideological products for the formulation of public policy, which is simply to give advice to the decision-making authorities. In fact, with the development of society, the enthusiasm of the people to participate in politics is gradually rising. The function of the think-tank is not limited to the initial point, but it develops into various aspects, such as inspiring the people, pregnant talents, powerful countries, and so on. It can be said that it has become a bridge between the government and the people. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, China has focused on cultivating modern think-tanks. In 2013, the CPC Central Committee proposed the construction of new think-tanks with Chinese characteristics, the development of which has caused an unprecedented upsurge in China. This depends not only on the attention of the leaders, but also on the needs of the present Chinese society. At present, China is in the period of economic growth shift, structural adjustment painful period, early stimulus policy digestion period such a special period, the government policy issues involved in more and more complex, need think tanks to give full play to the role of "think tanks." At the same time, the think-tank has indeed provided more and more assistance to the decision-making authorities, such as improving the efficiency of decision-making, making decisions more scientific, and making decisions more close to the people's will, and so on. However, many problems have been exposed in the construction of the new think-tank, such as low overall level, lack of independence and balance, etc. Therefore, this paper from the perspective of how to better develop new think tanks with Chinese characteristics. This paper first defines the connotation of the new type of think-tank with Chinese characteristics, focusing on the explanation of "Chinese characteristic" and "new type", which reflects the difference from the former think-tank. Then, by reviewing the development of Chinese think-tanks, the paper introduces the current stage of the construction of new think-tanks, and introduces the present situation of the construction of think-tanks in terms of quantity, organization form, influence and so on. Although China's new type of think-tanks have developed rapidly in recent years, there are still many problems, including: lack of balance in the development of various types of think tanks in various regions, uneven distribution of intellectual resources, lack of first-class think-tanks with influence in the world; The research lacks innovation and independence. There are three reasons for these problems: from the perspective of the government, there is no reasonable guidance, there is no legal requirement that the government purchase decision-making advice from think tanks is a necessary part of policy making; from the perspective of the think-tank industry, There is no unified national communication platform, no complete industry standards, no perfect industry management mechanism, and no effective self-positioning and self-motivation from the perspective of individual researchers. If problems arise, they should be solved in time. On the basis of drawing lessons from the excellent experience of the development of American think-tanks and combining with the national conditions, this paper puts forward two major aspects to solve the problems encountered in the development of new think-tanks: on the one hand, the government should strengthen guidance. Promote openness and improve demand; on the other hand, think tanks should focus on positioning, strengthen exchanges, and standardize management. The construction of a new type of think tank is not done overnight, it must be accompanied by a series of problems. But as long as we stick to the characteristics of China, adhere to the concept of innovation, take the essence of the construction of foreign think tanks, I believe that in the near future, we can see that China's think tanks can also enter the ranks of the world's first class.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：C932

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