【摘要】：隨著環(huán)境污染的加重，人們開始尋找?種清潔、高效的新能源。天然氣開始進(jìn)入了人們的視線，日益受到國內(nèi)、外的關(guān)注。天然氣的主要運(yùn)輸手段是管道，由于其具有易燃易爆特性，管道的安全性就顯得非常重要127】。隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，能源結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整，城市天然氣管網(wǎng)也在飛速發(fā)展。天然氣的泄露檢測與排除就顯得尤為重耍。而城市燃?xì)夤芫W(wǎng)位于復(fù)雜多變的噪聲環(huán)境中，具有壓力低，多分支，多附件的特點(diǎn)，這就決定了其泄漏檢測定位的難度很大[541。天然氣管道的泄露檢測與定位成為智慧城市天然氣管網(wǎng)運(yùn)行中亟待解決的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一。本研宄將廣義聲發(fā)射理論與混沌理論相結(jié)合，應(yīng)叫于城市天然氣管網(wǎng)的泄漏檢測及定位。廣義聲發(fā)射[471是近些年發(fā)展起來的一個(gè)理論，用于研宄管壁中由泄油引發(fā)的應(yīng)力波特性，該理論認(rèn)為泄漏引發(fā)的信號是連續(xù)信號，可以對其進(jìn)行連續(xù)捕捉，不必?fù)?dān)心因錯(cuò)過時(shí)間而漏檢。該特性是其與常規(guī)負(fù)壓波理論的最大K別�；诨煦缛跣盘枡z測技術(shù)是信號處理領(lǐng)域中嶄新的手段。本文融合聲發(fā)射理論與混沌理論在天然氣管網(wǎng)泄露的研究中，完成了以下主要工作與成果： 1)根據(jù)聲發(fā)射檢測技術(shù)，組建了天然氣管道泄漏檢測模擬系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)由計(jì)算機(jī)、數(shù)據(jù)采集版、聲發(fā)射傳感器以及管道等組成。 2)采用廣義聲發(fā)射理論解釋管壁屮由泄制引發(fā)的應(yīng)力波現(xiàn)象，根據(jù)此理論研究了城市天然氣管網(wǎng)屮、低壓燃?xì)夤艿佬孤┬盘柕奶攸c(diǎn)； 3)在混沌理論的駐礎(chǔ)上，依據(jù)混沌系統(tǒng)對同頻率的微弱周期信號極其敏感，，對噪聲信號具有很強(qiáng)的免疫力的特性，研究了天然氣管道強(qiáng)噪聲中周期弱信號的檢測方法’實(shí)現(xiàn)了在復(fù)雜多變的環(huán)境噪聲中管道泄漏信號的檢測； 4)根據(jù)單點(diǎn)泄漏模型以及互雙譜理論,設(shè)計(jì)了實(shí)現(xiàn)天然氣單點(diǎn)泄漏的定位方法。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，該方法的正確性及在程上的可行性。該理論對檢測范圍存在單個(gè)泄漏點(diǎn)情況的檢測及定位具有很氋的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。 通過大量現(xiàn)場實(shí)驗(yàn)以及仿真結(jié)果表明：混沌檢測技術(shù)可以有效地在復(fù)雜多變的城市環(huán)境噪聲中，實(shí)現(xiàn)城市中壓及低壓燃?xì)夤芫W(wǎng)的泄漏檢測。將互雙譜理論運(yùn)用到城市地下燃?xì)夤芫W(wǎng)的泄漏定位中，可以有效地避免信號因噪聲互相關(guān)而定位不準(zhǔn)確的問題。結(jié)果表明該方法可以較準(zhǔn)確的對管網(wǎng)的泄漏點(diǎn)進(jìn)行定位，且定位精度較高。
[Abstract]:With the aggravation of the environmental pollution, people begin to look for? Clean and efficient new energy. The natural gas began to enter people's line of sight, and is increasingly attracted to the domestic and external attention. The main transport means of natural gas is the pipeline, because it has the inflammable and explosive property, the safety of the pipeline is very important 127]. With the development of our country's economy and the adjustment of the energy structure, the urban natural gas pipe network is developing rapidly. The leak detection and elimination of natural gas is particularly heavy. The city gas network is located in a complex and changeable noise environment, which has the characteristics of low pressure, multiple branches and multiple accessories, which determines the difficulty of its leak detection and positioning[541]. The leak detection and positioning of the natural gas pipeline is one of the key technologies to be solved in the operation of the natural gas pipe network of the intelligent city. In this paper, the theory of generalized acoustic emission and the theory of mixed noise are combined, and the leakage detection and location of the urban natural gas pipe network should be called. The generalized acoustic emission[471] is a theory developed in recent years, which is used to study the stress wave characteristics caused by the leakage of oil in the pipe wall. The theory is that the leakage-induced signal is a continuous signal and can be continuously captured without worrying about missing time due to missing time. The characteristic is that it is the maximum K of the conventional negative pressure wave theory. The detection of weak signal based on mixed signal is a new method in the field of signal processing. In this paper, the following main work and achievements have been completed in the study of the leakage of the natural gas pipe network by the theory of acoustic emission and the theory of mixed noise. 1) According to the acoustic emission detection technology, a gas pipeline leakage detection simulation system is formed, Edition, acoustic emission sensor, and piping, etc. (2) Using the theory of generalized acoustic emission to explain the stress wave phenomenon caused by the discharge of the pipe wall, the leakage signal of the gas pipeline of the urban natural gas pipe network and the low-pressure gas pipeline is studied according to the theory. the characteristics of (3) in the mix On the basis of the characteristic of the hybrid system to the weak periodic signal of the same frequency and the strong immunity of the noise signal, the method of detecting the periodic weak signal in the strong noise of the natural gas pipeline is studied, and the pipeline leakage in the complex and changeable environmental noise is realized. and 4) designing a positioning method for realizing the single-point leakage of the natural gas according to the single-point leakage model and the double-spectrum theory The experimental results show that the correctness of the method and the feasibility of the method are as follows: the detection and positioning of a single leakage point in the detection range It's worth it. It's through a lot of on-the-spot. The results of simulation and simulation show that the hybrid detection technology can effectively detect the leakage of medium-pressure and low-pressure gas pipe network in the complex and changeable urban environmental noise. The two-spectrum theory can be applied to the urban underground combustion. In the leakage positioning of the air pipe network, the problem of inaccurate positioning of the signal due to the noise cross-correlation can be effectively avoided. The result shows that the method can accurately determine the leakage point of the pipe network.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU996

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