【摘要】：成都市政府審時度勢提出構(gòu)建人與自然和諧相融、城鄉(xiāng)一體化的“現(xiàn)代田園城市”,而建設(shè)綠色屋頂是建設(shè)現(xiàn)代田園城市的內(nèi)容之一。目前,綠色屋頂?shù)纳鷳B(tài)環(huán)境效益、社會經(jīng)濟(jì)效益對發(fā)展低碳社會的積極作用得到認(rèn)可,但有關(guān)基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)依然十分有限,制約著綠色屋頂?shù)耐茝V,影響著現(xiàn)代田園城市進(jìn)程的發(fā)展。本文主要探討了現(xiàn)代田園城市綠色屋頂?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,基質(zhì)與植物的配置選擇與固碳,分析了綠色屋頂?shù)墓?jié)能與二氧化碳(CO2)減排效益,主要結(jié)論如下：1.研究選擇三種本土植物(麥冬、腎蕨、金葉女貞)和三種基質(zhì)(廢建渣介質(zhì)(經(jīng)處理粒徑小于3mm的建渣)、本地自然土壤、污泥介質(zhì)(污泥與本地自然土壤等體積混合)應(yīng)用于綠色屋頂,進(jìn)行一年的對比研究。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：三種基質(zhì)的有機碳(TOC)含量都較高,處于中等水平；由于基質(zhì)層厚度有限,基質(zhì)TOC含量隨土層深度的增加減小的趨勢不明顯；本地自然土壤和污泥介質(zhì)的固碳能力較好；污泥介質(zhì)由于營養(yǎng)條件好,含水量高,最合適植物的生長。三種植物的TOC含量差別不大,固碳能力大小為金葉女貞(2.75kg/m2　·yr)麥冬(0.997 kg/m2·yr)腎蕨(0.97 kg/m2·yr);金葉女貞的生長情況最好,固碳能力強,CO2的固定量最多;麥冬與腎蕨的耐旱、抗寒能力較弱,生產(chǎn)情況一般。綠色屋頂?shù)闹参锖突|(zhì)有可觀的固碳能力,是一個理想的碳匯系統(tǒng),綠色屋頂固碳量4.7kg/m2·yr,即190.5kg/yr。2.合理設(shè)計營建的綠色屋頂能達(dá)到安全可靠、低碳環(huán)保、整體美觀的功能。通過對比各監(jiān)測點溫度變化分析可知,綠色屋頂夏季降溫(1.2℃)、冬季保溫(2.5℃)的效果明顯。若與一臺1.5匹空調(diào)進(jìn)行對比,綠色屋頂每年將節(jié)能11lkw·h,節(jié)能效益明顯；綠色屋頂通過植物與基質(zhì)對大氣中CO2進(jìn)行吸收,減少二氧化碳排放量17.25kg/m2·yr。按照相應(yīng)的估算條件(38km2的屋頂面積有50%進(jìn)行屋頂綠化,綠化面積比例為50%,基質(zhì)為廢建渣介質(zhì)、本地自然土壤、污泥介質(zhì),植物金葉女貞、腎蕨、麥冬按1：1：1配置)得到成都現(xiàn)代田園城市CO2減排量達(dá)1.64×108kg/yr; CO2的減排效益與綠色屋頂?shù)幕|(zhì)種類厚度、植物種類、氣候條件有關(guān)；按照上述條件估算本實驗區(qū)域的碳匯量達(dá)190.5kg C/yr,成都現(xiàn)代田園城市碳匯量4.47x108kg C/yr,具有較好的環(huán)境效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。3.綠色屋頂?shù)慕ㄔO(shè)需要考慮建筑本身結(jié)構(gòu)特性和環(huán)境條件合理設(shè)計,同時,選擇合適的基質(zhì)與植物,充分發(fā)揮綠色屋頂?shù)沫h(huán)境效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。本研究成果可為成都現(xiàn)代田園城市的建設(shè)提供一定的推廣和參考價值。
[Abstract]:Chengdu Municipal Government puts forward the construction of a "modern pastoral city" with the harmonious integration of man and nature and the integration of urban and rural areas, and the construction of green roof is one of the contents of the construction of modern pastoral city. At present, the ecological and environmental benefits of green roofs and the positive role of social and economic benefits in the development of low-carbon society have been recognized, but the relevant basic data are still very limited, which restricts the promotion of green roofs and affects the development of modern pastoral cities. This paper mainly discusses the structural design of green roof in modern pastoral cities, the selection of matrix and plant configuration and carbon sequestration, and analyzes the energy saving of green roof and the benefit of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reduction. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. Three kinds of native plants (Ophiopogon japonicus, Dryopteris, Ligustrum lucidum) and three kinds of matrix (waste slag medium (treated slag with particle size less than 3mm), local natural soil and sludge medium (sludge mixed with local natural soil) were selected and applied to green roof for one year. The results showed that the (TOC) content of organic carbon in the three matrices was high and at the medium level; due to the limited thickness of the matrix layer, the decrease trend of the matrix TOC content with the increase of the depth of the soil layer was not obvious; the carbon sequestration ability of the local natural soil and sludge medium was better; and the sludge medium was the most suitable plant growth because of the good nutritional conditions and high water content. There was no significant difference in TOC content among the three plants, and the carbon sequestration ability of 2.75kg/m2 yr (0.997 kg/ m ~ 2 路yr) was the best, the carbon sequestration ability was strong, and the fixed amount of CO2 was the highest, and the drought tolerance, cold resistance and production of Ophiopogon japonicus and Dryopteris were weak. The plants and matrix of green roof have considerable carbon sequestration ability, and they are an ideal carbon sequestration system. 4.7kg/ m ~ 2 路yr, that is, 190.5kg / yr.2. Reasonable design and construction of green roof can achieve safe and reliable, low-carbon environmental protection, the overall beautiful function. By comparing the temperature change of each monitoring point, it can be seen that the effect of green roof cooling (1.2 鈩，

本文編號：2504182