【摘要】：振動(dòng)控制應(yīng)用于土木工程領(lǐng)域已有四十多年歷史,已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為抵御地震、颶風(fēng)等災(zāi)害的有效手段之一。半主動(dòng)控制是振動(dòng)控制中最具發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ囊环N控制形式,它具有能耗低、控制效果好、維護(hù)要求不高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。磁流變彈性體(MRE)是一種新型的磁流變智能材料,其磁控特性使其在結(jié)構(gòu)半主動(dòng)控制領(lǐng)域具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。 本文針對(duì)磁流變彈性體的磁控特性對(duì)磁流變彈性體的制備、性能測(cè)試、剪切式磁流變彈性體減振器特性以及基于磁流變彈性體減振器的結(jié)構(gòu)半主動(dòng)控制展開實(shí)驗(yàn)研究和仿真分析。本文的主要工作內(nèi)容和研究成果如下： ①?gòu)脑牧�、原材料配比、�?shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備以及相應(yīng)的制備工藝四個(gè)方面出發(fā),制備出兩種不同基體的磁流變彈性體——硅橡膠基磁流變彈性體和天然橡膠基磁流變彈性體。 ②設(shè)計(jì)、制作了磁場(chǎng)發(fā)生器,并對(duì)該磁場(chǎng)發(fā)生器的磁特性進(jìn)行測(cè)試。測(cè)試結(jié)果表明：磁場(chǎng)發(fā)生器在加載2A電流時(shí),測(cè)試腔內(nèi)磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度達(dá)0.654T,基本滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。 ③以該磁場(chǎng)發(fā)生器為基礎(chǔ)建立了基于萬能材料試驗(yàn)機(jī)的磁流變彈性體壓縮性能測(cè)試系統(tǒng),并對(duì)制備的兩種磁流變彈性體進(jìn)行性能測(cè)試。測(cè)試結(jié)果表明：兩種磁流變彈性體的壓縮模量都隨電流的增大而增大,但增加量在不斷減�。浑娏鬟_(dá)到1.5A時(shí),兩種彈性體的磁致壓縮模量都接近飽和；硅橡膠基磁流變彈性體的相對(duì)磁流變效應(yīng)高于天然橡膠基磁流變彈性體；隨著形變量的增加,兩種彈性體的相對(duì)磁流變效應(yīng)都呈減小趨勢(shì)。 ④從工作模式選擇、材料選擇、磁路分析三個(gè)方面出發(fā),設(shè)計(jì)并制備剪切式硅橡膠基磁流變彈性體減振器,采用電液伺服動(dòng)態(tài)疲勞試驗(yàn)機(jī)對(duì)該減振器性能進(jìn)行測(cè)試。測(cè)試結(jié)果表明：相同位移下,加載幅值較大的MRE減振器輸出力較�。杭虞d頻率對(duì)MRE減振器的力學(xué)性能基本沒有影響；在加載頻率為0.5HZ、幅值為1mm的條件下,MRE減振器的等效剛度最大增加了128.2%,等效粘滯阻尼比基本不隨電流變化。 ⑤對(duì)基于MRE減振器的被動(dòng)控制結(jié)構(gòu)以及基于PD控制、LQR控制、模糊控制的三種半主動(dòng)控制結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行仿真分析。仿真結(jié)果表明：四種控制結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)位移響應(yīng)和加速度響應(yīng)都具有較好的控制效果,其中對(duì)位移響應(yīng)的控制效果要優(yōu)于對(duì)加速度響應(yīng)的控制效果；不同地震波作用下,四種控制結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)于結(jié)構(gòu)響應(yīng)峰值的控制效果優(yōu)劣性沒有明顯規(guī)律性,但是對(duì)于響應(yīng)均方根值的控制效果具有明顯的規(guī)律性。其中對(duì)于位移均方根值,LQR控制的控制效果最好,被動(dòng)控制次之,然后為模糊控制,PD控制的控制效果最差；對(duì)于加速度均方根值,PD控制的控制效果最優(yōu),LQR控制次之,然后為模糊控制,被動(dòng)控制的控制效果最差。
[Abstract]:Vibration control has been used in civil engineering for more than 40 years and has become one of the effective means to resist earthquakes, hurricanes and other disasters. Semi-active control is one of the most potential control forms in vibration control. It has the advantages of low energy consumption, good control effect and low maintenance requirements. Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is a new type of magnetorheological intelligent material. Its magnetron properties make it have a broad application prospect in the field of structural semi-active control. In this paper, the preparation and performance test of magnetorheological elastomer, the characteristics of shear magnetorheological elastomer shock absorber and the semi-active control of structure based on magnetorheological elastomer are studied and simulated. The main contents and research results of this paper are as follows: 1 from four aspects of raw materials, raw material ratio, experimental equipment and corresponding preparation technology, two kinds of magnetorheological elastomer with different matrix, silicone rubber based magnetorheological elastomer and natural rubber based magnetorheological elastomer, were prepared. 2. The magnetic field generator is designed and fabricated, and the magnetic characteristics of the magnetic field generator are tested. The test results show that the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field generator reaches 0.654T when 2A current is loaded, which basically meets the design requirements. (3) based on the magnetic field generator, the compression performance test system of magnetorheological elastomer based on universal material testing machine is established, and the properties of two kinds of magnetorheological elastomer are tested. The test results show that the compression modulus of the two kinds of magnetorheological elastomer increases with the increase of current, but the increase is decreasing; when the current reaches 1.5A, the magnetoresistive modulus of the two kinds of elastomer is close to saturation; the relative magnetorheological effect of silicone rubber based magnetorheological elastic body is higher than that of natural rubber based magnetorheological elastic body; with the increase of shape variable, the relative magnetorheological effect of the two kinds of elastomer tends to decrease. (4) from three aspects of working mode selection, material selection and magnetic circuit analysis, the shear silicone rubber based magnetorheological elastomer shock absorber is designed and prepared, and the performance of the shock absorber is tested by electro-hydraulic servo dynamic fatigue testing machine. The test results show that the output force of MRE shock absorber with large loading amplitude is small under the same displacement: the loading frequency has little effect on the mechanical properties of MRE shock absorber; under the condition of loading frequency 0.5HZ and amplitude 1mm, the equivalent stiffness of MRE shock absorber increases by 128.2%, and the equivalent viscous damping ratio does not change with current. (5) the passive control structure based on MRE shock absorber and three semi-active control structures based on PD control, LQR control and fuzzy control are simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show that the four control structures have good control effect on displacement response and acceleration response, and the control effect on displacement response is better than that on acceleration response. Under different seismic waves, the control effect of the four control structures on the peak value of structural response has no obvious regularity, but the control effect on root mean square value of response has obvious regularity. For the root mean square value of displacement, the control effect of LQR control is the best, then passive control is the second, then fuzzy control, PD control is the worst, for the root mean square value of acceleration, the control effect of PD control is the best, LQR control is the second, then fuzzy control, passive control has the worst control effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU352.1

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