城市新區(qū)生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施規(guī)劃理論、方法與應(yīng)用研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-06 19:56
【摘要】：城市化進(jìn)程破壞了城市的自然水文過程,加之傳統(tǒng)“以排為主”的管網(wǎng)工程措施的雨洪管理理念與體制,引發(fā)了一系列的城市雨洪問題,集中表現(xiàn)為：洪澇災(zāi)害頻發(fā)、水環(huán)境持續(xù)惡化以及水資源嚴(yán)重短缺。城市新區(qū)作為我國城市化進(jìn)程中的建設(shè)主體,是未來城市雨洪管理的重點(diǎn)區(qū)域,因此需要從規(guī)劃階段、在新城建設(shè)前,便引入具有前瞻性的雨洪生態(tài)管理理念,規(guī)避現(xiàn)有舊城區(qū)出現(xiàn)的雨洪管理問題。本研究以生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施(ESI)為核心理論,結(jié)合我國城市新區(qū)的實際情況和規(guī)劃編制體系,系統(tǒng)地提出了多目標(biāo)、多尺度的中國城市新區(qū)生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施規(guī)劃的理論框架和方法論體系,并以上海臨港新城為例進(jìn)行實證研究,為臨港新城的雨洪生態(tài)管理提供技術(shù)支撐。論文主要研究結(jié)論如下： 理論與方法研究： (1)生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施(Ecoligical Stormwater Infrastructure, ESI)是雨洪生態(tài)管理的核心理論,強(qiáng)調(diào)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有關(guān)雨洪調(diào)蓄、徑流削減、水質(zhì)保護(hù)、清潔水源提供等方面的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值,注重自然水處理與人工設(shè)施之間的協(xié)調(diào)互動。生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施規(guī)劃包括集中式、終端控制的BMPs-ESI和就地／分散式、源頭與過程控制的LID-ESI以及傳輸型ESI三個組分。 (2)生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施規(guī)劃具有多目標(biāo)性以及多領(lǐng)域性,其核心是在“近自然軟排水”雨洪生態(tài)管理理念的指導(dǎo)下,從水循環(huán)、水安全、水環(huán)境、水資源等角度,在不同尺度、規(guī)劃編制階段,對生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的類型、規(guī)模、布局、結(jié)構(gòu)等進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性的保護(hù)和規(guī)劃,形成完整的生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系,進(jìn)而實現(xiàn)城市的可持續(xù)雨洪管理和精明增長。 (3)結(jié)合城市規(guī)劃編制體系,提出了城市新區(qū)生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施規(guī)劃的體系、理論、方法與技術(shù)流程,包括三個層面：生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施總體規(guī)劃、生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施控制性規(guī)劃以及生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施修建性規(guī)劃�？傮w規(guī)劃側(cè)重考慮雨洪生態(tài)管理重點(diǎn)區(qū)域的BMPs-ESI的規(guī)劃,雨洪管理景觀安全格局(SWMSP)是生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施總體規(guī)劃的規(guī)劃成果；控制性規(guī)劃側(cè)重考慮LID-ESI的規(guī)劃,有效透水面指標(biāo)EPA(尤其是有效綠地EGA)是生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施控制性規(guī)劃的規(guī)劃成果；修建性規(guī)劃則是對總體規(guī)劃和控制性規(guī)劃確定的ESI提出具體的安排和詳細(xì)規(guī)劃設(shè)計,指導(dǎo)工程設(shè)計與建設(shè)。 應(yīng)用研究： 結(jié)合研究區(qū)實際情況,確立了上海臨港新城生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施規(guī)劃的總體目標(biāo),建設(shè)了生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施規(guī)劃數(shù)據(jù)庫,并從區(qū)域生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施總體規(guī)劃、典型地塊生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施控制性規(guī)劃、生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施示范工程修建性規(guī)劃等三個層面展開了實證研究。 (1)區(qū)域生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施總體規(guī)劃實證研究 在城市總體規(guī)劃的規(guī)劃愿景下,對臨港新城主城區(qū)的雨洪生態(tài)過程進(jìn)行空間模擬分析,確定了生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施總體規(guī)劃的重點(diǎn)區(qū)域。結(jié)合BMPs-ESI適宜性評價,判別出BMPs-ESI的空間位置、組分及其關(guān)系,構(gòu)建區(qū)域雨洪管理景觀安全格局。研究區(qū)基于洪澇控制、徑流削減、水質(zhì)保護(hù)等單個雨洪生態(tài)管理目標(biāo)的BMPs-ESI分別為5.71km2、1.81km2以及4.49km2。將單個雨洪生態(tài)管理目標(biāo)的BMPs-ESI格局進(jìn)行空間疊加、綜合分析,形成了連續(xù)而完整的、系列化的區(qū)域雨洪管理景觀安全格局SWMSP,SWMSP的用地面積為8.75km2,占研究區(qū)總面積的12.97%,它是研究區(qū)城市發(fā)展建設(shè)中不可逾越的生態(tài)底線,應(yīng)重點(diǎn)保護(hù)和嚴(yán)格限制開發(fā)建設(shè)。 (2)典型地塊生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施控制性規(guī)劃實證研究 結(jié)合生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施總體規(guī)劃成果,基于城市控制性規(guī)劃的規(guī)劃愿景,運(yùn)用有效(不)透水面理論和USCSWEM下墊面分類方法,在利益相關(guān)方調(diào)查分析的基礎(chǔ)上,確定了五個規(guī)劃情景方案,通過水量平衡分析,得出不同情景方案對應(yīng)的EPA(EGA)的面積指標(biāo),并通過SWMM模型對情景規(guī)劃結(jié)果進(jìn)行驗證,最終選定了兩個情景規(guī)劃方案(方案二S2和方案三S3),分別對應(yīng)綠色建筑評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的基本項和優(yōu)選項標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。S2對應(yīng)的EPA、EGA面積分別為2.38hm2、2.02hm2,EGA占綠地面積、地塊總面積的比例分別為77.69%、7.52%；S3對應(yīng)的EPA、EGA面積為1.66hm2、1.30hm2,EGA占綠地面積、總面積的比例為50.16%、4.86%。 (3)生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施示范工程修建性規(guī)劃與設(shè)計實證研究 對臨港新城護(hù)城環(huán)路附近的兩處生態(tài)雨水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施示范工程進(jìn)行了修建性規(guī)劃與設(shè)計,包括砂石生態(tài)過濾池、“階梯式”多級梯度生態(tài)凈化塘系統(tǒng)(挺水植物塘、沉水植物塘)、生態(tài)滲濾溝、表流濕地、復(fù)合生態(tài)塘系統(tǒng)、潛流濕地等組分。兩處示范工程建成后,即使在暴雨、冬季等惡劣氣候條件下,也可正常地運(yùn)行,保持穩(wěn)定的水質(zhì)凈化效果,具有一定的耐沖擊負(fù)荷能力,生態(tài)、社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益良好。
[Abstract]:The process of urbanization has destroyed the natural hydrological process of the city, combined with the concept and system of the rain-flood management of the traditional "to take a row as the main" 's network engineering measures, which caused a series of urban rain-flood problems, and concentrated on the frequent occurrence of flood and flood, the continuous deterioration of the water environment and the serious shortage of water resources. As the main part of the urbanization process in our country, the new urban area is the key area of the future urban rain and flood management, so it is necessary to introduce a forward-looking rain-flood ecological management idea from the planning stage to the construction of the new city, and to avoid the problem of the management of the rain and flood in the existing old urban area. Taking the ecological rain-rain infrastructure (ESI) as the core theory and combining with the actual situation and the planning system of the urban new district in China, the paper systematically puts forward the theoretical framework and methodology system of the ecological rain infrastructure planning in the new urban area of China, which is multi-objective and multi-scale, Taking Shanghai Lingang New City as an example, an empirical study is carried out to provide the technical support for the rain and flood ecological management of the new city. The main conclusions are as follows: theory and method research Research: (1) The ecological infrastructure (ESI) is the core of the ecological management of the rain and flood, and it is emphasized that the ecosystem is related to the flood regulation, the runoff reduction, the water, Ecosystem service value in terms of quality protection, clean water supply, etc., and pay attention to the association between natural water treatment and artificial facilities Interacting. Eco-rain infrastructure planning includes centralized, terminal-controlled BMPs-ESI and local/ decentralized, LID-ESI for source and process control, and transmission-type ESI 3 (2) The planning of ecological rain-water infrastructure is multi-objective and multi-domain, the core of which is under the guidance of the concept of ecological management of "near-natural soft drainage" and rain, from the aspects of water circulation, water safety, water environment, water resources and the like, and in different scales and rules In the planning stage, the type, scale, layout and structure of the ecological rain infrastructure shall be systematically protected and planned to form a complete network system of the ecological rain infrastructure, so as to realize the sustainable rain and flood management of the city. and the system, the theory, the method and the technical process of the ecological rain-water infrastructure planning in the urban new area are put forward in combination with the urban planning preparation system, and the system comprises three levels: the ecological rain-base Master Plan, Control Plan of Ecological Rainwater Infrastructure and Ecological Rainwater Foundation The overall planning of the facility is to focus on the planning of BMPs-ESI in the key areas of the rain and flood ecological management, and the landscape safety pattern (SWMSP) of the rain and flood management is the planning result of the overall planning of the ecological rain infrastructure; the control planning focuses on the consideration of the LID -The planning of ESI, the effective water-permeable index EPA (especially the effective green space, EGA) is the planning result of the control plan of the ecological rain-water infrastructure; the construction planning is the specific arrangement and detailed planning and design of the ESI determined by the overall planning and the control plan, and the guidance Engineering Design and Construction and application research: In combination with the actual situation of the research area, the overall objective of the ecological rain infrastructure planning of Shanghai Lingang New Town is established, and the ecological rain infrastructure planning database is constructed, and the ecological rain infrastructure planning database is constructed. Master plan of state rainwater infrastructure, control plan of typical block ecological rain infrastructure, construction of ecological rain infrastructure demonstration project, etc. An empirical study is carried out at three levels. (1) Regional ecology The empirical study on the overall planning of the rainwater infrastructure is based on the planning of the overall plan of the city, and the ecological process of the rain and flood in the main urban area of the new city is analyzed and the ecology is determined. The spatial position, composition and relationship of BMPs-ESI are identified by the evaluation of the suitability of BMPs-ESI. The study area is based on flood control, runoff reduction and water quality protection. The BMPs-ESI of the individual rain and flood ecological management targets is 5.71 km2,1 .81 km2 and 4.49 km2. The BMPs-ESI pattern of the individual rain and flood ecological management targets is spatially overlapped and analyzed, and a continuous and complete series of regional rain and flood management landscape security patterns SWMSP and SWMSP are formed. The land area of SWMSP is 8.75km2. accounting for 12.97% of the total area of the study area, which is an insuperable ecological bottom line in the development and construction of urban development in the research area development and construction should be protected and severely restricted. (2) typically The empirical study on the control planning of the block ecological rain infrastructure, combined with the overall planning results of the ecological rain infrastructure, is based on the planning vision of the urban control plan, and applies the effective (not) Based on the investigation and analysis of the stakeholders, five planning scenarios are determined, and the area index of the EPA (EGA) corresponding to different scenario schemes is obtained through the water volume balance analysis, and the area index of the EPA (EGA) corresponding to the different scenario schemes is obtained through the water volume balance analysis. The scenario planning results are verified by the SWMM model, and two scenario planning schemes are selected (Protocol II S2 and Scheme 3S3), respectively. The basic items and the excellent option standard in the green building evaluation standard. The corresponding EPA and EGA areas of S2 are 2.38hm2, 2.02 hm2, and the total area of the EGA is 77.69% and 7.52%, respectively. The area of the EPA and the EGA corresponding to S3 is 1.66 hm2, 1.30 hm2, and the EGA is the green area. The proportion of total area is 50.16%, 4.86%. (3) Ecology Demonstration of the Construction and Design of the Demonstration Project for Rainwater Infrastructure and Demonstration of the Two Ecological Rainwater Infrastructure in the vicinity of the City of Lingang New Town The construction planning and design of the project is carried out, including the sand-gravel ecological filter pool, the "Stepped" multi-stage gradient ecological purification pond system (the high-water plant pond, the submerged plant pond) and the ecological infiltration. after the two demonstration projects are completed, even in severe weather conditions such as heavy rain, winter and the like, the stable water quality purification effect can be maintained,
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU992
本文編號：2494560
[Abstract]:The process of urbanization has destroyed the natural hydrological process of the city, combined with the concept and system of the rain-flood management of the traditional "to take a row as the main" 's network engineering measures, which caused a series of urban rain-flood problems, and concentrated on the frequent occurrence of flood and flood, the continuous deterioration of the water environment and the serious shortage of water resources. As the main part of the urbanization process in our country, the new urban area is the key area of the future urban rain and flood management, so it is necessary to introduce a forward-looking rain-flood ecological management idea from the planning stage to the construction of the new city, and to avoid the problem of the management of the rain and flood in the existing old urban area. Taking the ecological rain-rain infrastructure (ESI) as the core theory and combining with the actual situation and the planning system of the urban new district in China, the paper systematically puts forward the theoretical framework and methodology system of the ecological rain infrastructure planning in the new urban area of China, which is multi-objective and multi-scale, Taking Shanghai Lingang New City as an example, an empirical study is carried out to provide the technical support for the rain and flood ecological management of the new city. The main conclusions are as follows: theory and method research Research: (1) The ecological infrastructure (ESI) is the core of the ecological management of the rain and flood, and it is emphasized that the ecosystem is related to the flood regulation, the runoff reduction, the water, Ecosystem service value in terms of quality protection, clean water supply, etc., and pay attention to the association between natural water treatment and artificial facilities Interacting. Eco-rain infrastructure planning includes centralized, terminal-controlled BMPs-ESI and local/ decentralized, LID-ESI for source and process control, and transmission-type ESI 3 (2) The planning of ecological rain-water infrastructure is multi-objective and multi-domain, the core of which is under the guidance of the concept of ecological management of "near-natural soft drainage" and rain, from the aspects of water circulation, water safety, water environment, water resources and the like, and in different scales and rules In the planning stage, the type, scale, layout and structure of the ecological rain infrastructure shall be systematically protected and planned to form a complete network system of the ecological rain infrastructure, so as to realize the sustainable rain and flood management of the city. and the system, the theory, the method and the technical process of the ecological rain-water infrastructure planning in the urban new area are put forward in combination with the urban planning preparation system, and the system comprises three levels: the ecological rain-base Master Plan, Control Plan of Ecological Rainwater Infrastructure and Ecological Rainwater Foundation The overall planning of the facility is to focus on the planning of BMPs-ESI in the key areas of the rain and flood ecological management, and the landscape safety pattern (SWMSP) of the rain and flood management is the planning result of the overall planning of the ecological rain infrastructure; the control planning focuses on the consideration of the LID -The planning of ESI, the effective water-permeable index EPA (especially the effective green space, EGA) is the planning result of the control plan of the ecological rain-water infrastructure; the construction planning is the specific arrangement and detailed planning and design of the ESI determined by the overall planning and the control plan, and the guidance Engineering Design and Construction and application research: In combination with the actual situation of the research area, the overall objective of the ecological rain infrastructure planning of Shanghai Lingang New Town is established, and the ecological rain infrastructure planning database is constructed, and the ecological rain infrastructure planning database is constructed. Master plan of state rainwater infrastructure, control plan of typical block ecological rain infrastructure, construction of ecological rain infrastructure demonstration project, etc. An empirical study is carried out at three levels. (1) Regional ecology The empirical study on the overall planning of the rainwater infrastructure is based on the planning of the overall plan of the city, and the ecological process of the rain and flood in the main urban area of the new city is analyzed and the ecology is determined. The spatial position, composition and relationship of BMPs-ESI are identified by the evaluation of the suitability of BMPs-ESI. The study area is based on flood control, runoff reduction and water quality protection. The BMPs-ESI of the individual rain and flood ecological management targets is 5.71 km2,1 .81 km2 and 4.49 km2. The BMPs-ESI pattern of the individual rain and flood ecological management targets is spatially overlapped and analyzed, and a continuous and complete series of regional rain and flood management landscape security patterns SWMSP and SWMSP are formed. The land area of SWMSP is 8.75km2. accounting for 12.97% of the total area of the study area, which is an insuperable ecological bottom line in the development and construction of urban development in the research area development and construction should be protected and severely restricted. (2) typically The empirical study on the control planning of the block ecological rain infrastructure, combined with the overall planning results of the ecological rain infrastructure, is based on the planning vision of the urban control plan, and applies the effective (not) Based on the investigation and analysis of the stakeholders, five planning scenarios are determined, and the area index of the EPA (EGA) corresponding to different scenario schemes is obtained through the water volume balance analysis, and the area index of the EPA (EGA) corresponding to the different scenario schemes is obtained through the water volume balance analysis. The scenario planning results are verified by the SWMM model, and two scenario planning schemes are selected (Protocol II S2 and Scheme 3S3), respectively. The basic items and the excellent option standard in the green building evaluation standard. The corresponding EPA and EGA areas of S2 are 2.38hm2, 2.02 hm2, and the total area of the EGA is 77.69% and 7.52%, respectively. The area of the EPA and the EGA corresponding to S3 is 1.66 hm2, 1.30 hm2, and the EGA is the green area. The proportion of total area is 50.16%, 4.86%. (3) Ecology Demonstration of the Construction and Design of the Demonstration Project for Rainwater Infrastructure and Demonstration of the Two Ecological Rainwater Infrastructure in the vicinity of the City of Lingang New Town The construction planning and design of the project is carried out, including the sand-gravel ecological filter pool, the "Stepped" multi-stage gradient ecological purification pond system (the high-water plant pond, the submerged plant pond) and the ecological infiltration. after the two demonstration projects are completed, even in severe weather conditions such as heavy rain, winter and the like, the stable water quality purification effect can be maintained,
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU992
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