【摘要】：渤海建筑文化是中國古代建筑文化的重要組成部分,在整個(gè)東北古代建筑文化中起著承前啟后的作用。同時(shí),由于特殊的地理位置關(guān)系,在當(dāng)時(shí)整個(gè)東北亞建筑文化的傳播過程中更起著橋梁作用。對(duì)于渤海建筑文化進(jìn)行全面而細(xì)致的研究,不僅可以填補(bǔ)中國古代建筑史有關(guān)東北地域建筑史的空白,更可以全面了解中國古代少數(shù)民族建筑史。近一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來,隨著對(duì)渤海城市建筑遺址不斷深入的考古發(fā)掘研究,渤海城市建筑文化逐漸呈現(xiàn)展現(xiàn)出來。渤海上京城是渤海國的主要都城之一,作為都城的時(shí)間約占整個(gè)渤海國存在時(shí)間的三分之一,代表了渤海城市建筑文化的最高水平。也是目前為止,渤海國都城遺址保存最為完整的一個(gè)。本文以上京城宮城遺址為研究對(duì)象,在實(shí)地勘察的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合現(xiàn)有的考古發(fā)掘報(bào)告以及歷史文獻(xiàn)資料,采用對(duì)比研究的方法。將渤海上京城遺址的研究劃定在東北亞建筑文化圈背景下,并與同時(shí)期的唐代、日本、朝鮮半島的宮城建筑,以及與其相近的高句麗和遼代宮城建筑進(jìn)行了橫向和縱向的比較研究,從而更為客觀的解讀渤海建筑文化的地域性特質(zhì)。本文主要探究了渤海建筑文化特質(zhì),重點(diǎn)揭示了渤海建筑文化的構(gòu)成因子,即唐代建筑文化的主導(dǎo)性,高句麗建筑文化的兼容性,以及梲棬建筑文化的傳承性。并且結(jié)合考古發(fā)掘資料,對(duì)于渤海建筑遺址體現(xiàn)的一些地域性語匯進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的解讀,主要包括特殊形態(tài)語匯、構(gòu)造做法語匯,以及材料構(gòu)件語匯。論文揭示了渤海城市與建筑的基本形制特征。涵蓋了渤海上京城都城結(jié)構(gòu)布局,宮殿區(qū)平面布局與空間結(jié)構(gòu)劃分,宮殿建筑群平面組合結(jié)構(gòu),園林布局形態(tài)與景觀構(gòu)成要素,城防體系。以及主要建筑遺址所反映的建筑形制特征,包括宮城中區(qū)中軸線上的五座宮殿建筑群、主要城門建筑以及園林建筑。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)宮城中區(qū)的主要建筑群進(jìn)行了復(fù)原研究。主要包括宮城中區(qū)中軸線上的五座宮殿建筑群,宮城正南門、皇城正南門,以及宮城內(nèi)的較為完整的東內(nèi)苑遺址。并按照古建筑上分、中分、下分的復(fù)原研究順序,重點(diǎn)討論了建筑的臺(tái)基、踏道、勾欄的構(gòu)造做法、采用的木構(gòu)架體系類型、屋頂?shù)男问胶徒M合方式等幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容,力求全面展示渤海上京城當(dāng)時(shí)的建筑形態(tài)和建筑規(guī)模,宮城主要建筑群的全貌。并且最終以圖紙的形式呈現(xiàn)出來。
[Abstract]:Bohai architectural culture is an important part of ancient Chinese architectural culture, which plays an important role in the ancient architectural culture of Northeast China. At the same time, because of the special geographical position relationship, it played a more role as a bridge in the process of spreading the architectural culture in Northeast Asia at that time. A comprehensive and detailed study of the architectural culture of the Bohai Sea can not only fill the gap in the history of ancient Chinese architecture about the regional architectural history of Northeast China, but also fully understand the architectural history of ethnic minorities in ancient China. In the past century, with the in-depth study of archaeological excavations of urban architectural sites in Bohai Sea, the urban architectural culture of Bohai Sea has gradually emerged. The upper capital of Bohai Sea is one of the main capitals of Bohai Sea. As the capital, it accounts for about 1/3 of the existence time of the whole Bohai Sea, which represents the highest level of urban architectural culture in Bohai Sea. Also so far, Bohai National Capital site preservation of the most complete one. On the basis of field investigation, combined with the existing archaeological excavation reports and historical literature, this paper adopts the method of comparative study. The study of the site of the Upper Capital in the Bohai Sea is designated under the background of the architectural and cultural circle of Northeast Asia, and with the palace architecture of the Tang Dynasty, Japan and the Korean Peninsula in the same period. And the similar Koguryo and Liao Dynasty Gongcheng architecture made a horizontal and vertical comparative study, so as to more objective interpretation of the regional characteristics of Bohai architectural culture. This paper mainly explores the characteristics of architectural culture in Bohai Sea, focusing on the constituent factors of architectural culture in Bohai Sea, that is, the dominance of architectural culture in Tang Dynasty, the compatibility of Koguryo architectural culture, and the inheritance of architectural culture. Combined with archaeological excavations, some regional vocabulary embodied in Bohai architectural sites are interpreted in detail, including special form vocabulary, structural practice vocabulary, and material component vocabulary. This paper reveals the basic shape characteristics of cities and buildings in Bohai Sea. It covers the layout of the capital structure of the upper capital of Bohai Sea, the division of the plane layout and spatial structure of the palace area, the plane combination structure of the palace complex, the layout form and landscape elements of the garden, and the urban defense system. And the architectural features reflected by the main architectural sites, including the five palace buildings on the central axis of Miyagi, the main gate buildings and garden buildings. On this basis, the restoration of the main buildings in Miyagi Central District is studied. It mainly includes five palace buildings on the central axis of Miyagi, the south gate of palace city, the south gate of imperial city, and the more complete Dongneyuan site in palace city. According to the restoration research order of the upper, middle and lower parts of the ancient architecture, this paper focuses on the construction methods of the platform foundation, the treadmill and the hook bar of the building, the types of wood frame system adopted, the form and combination mode of the roof, and so on. Try to fully display the architectural form and scale of the upper capital of Bohai Sea at that time, and the whole picture of the main buildings of Miyagi. And finally presented in the form of drawings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU-092

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