基于鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)尺度的大冶市LUCC及其景觀格局變化研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-03 13:11
【摘要】：湖北省大冶市是一個(gè)歷史悠久的采掘工業(yè)和冶金工業(yè)城市，目前正面臨著資源型主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)衰退、經(jīng)濟(jì)全面下滑、失業(yè)職工人數(shù)眾多、生活水平下降、生態(tài)破壞衰退和環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重等問題，2008年大冶市成為全國首批資源枯竭型城市轉(zhuǎn)型試點(diǎn)縣級市。在人口、經(jīng)濟(jì)和政策等因素的驅(qū)動下，大冶市土地利用格局發(fā)生了重大變化。研究土地利用變化和基于景觀生態(tài)學(xué)的土地利用空間格局變化，對于揭示其土地利用變化規(guī)律，實(shí)現(xiàn)土地資源的可持續(xù)利用具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文以大冶市及其各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)為研究區(qū)域，基于1990、1995、2000年三期TM影像以及從Terra衛(wèi)星拍攝的MODIS影像中提取的2001年、2006年、2011年湖北省土地覆被類型年合成柵格數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)品（空間分辨率為500m×500m）等數(shù)據(jù)資料，利用遙感影像處理軟件ERDAS9.2，結(jié)合大冶市1：25萬地形圖和行政區(qū)劃矢量圖，對遙感影像進(jìn)行幾何校正、裁剪等處理。在此基礎(chǔ)上，按照大冶市土地資源分類系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行分類，并計(jì)算分類精度。應(yīng)用ArcGIS9.3軟件生成土地利用轉(zhuǎn)移面積矩陣，并構(gòu)建轉(zhuǎn)移面積模型和土地利用動態(tài)變化模型，從土地利用類型面積的數(shù)量變化、土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)的空間變化、土地利用速度變化、土地利用程度變化等方面對研究區(qū)土地利用/覆被空間格局變化進(jìn)行分析；另一方面，運(yùn)用景觀生態(tài)學(xué)的理論和方法，結(jié)合景觀格局分析軟件Fragstats3.3在地類級別、景觀級別兩個(gè)不同層面分別選取多個(gè)景觀要素特征指標(biāo)和景觀異質(zhì)性指標(biāo)并進(jìn)行計(jì)算，定量分析研究區(qū)從1990年到2000年的土地利用景觀格局變化狀況。主要結(jié)論總結(jié)如下： 1.從土地利用類型區(qū)域分布來看，大冶市及其部分鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的土地資源優(yōu)勢類型既存在相似性、也存在著差異性。1990-2000年間，保安鎮(zhèn)和東風(fēng)農(nóng)場的土地資源優(yōu)勢類型較為相似，均以耕地和水域?yàn)橹�；東岳路辦以耕地、水域?yàn)橹�，建設(shè)用地次之；大冶市的耕地在各土地利用類型中占有絕對主導(dǎo)地位，并且主要集中在中西部和東北部地區(qū)，林地次之，主要分布于東南部一帶。2001-2011年間，保安鎮(zhèn)和大冶市的土地資源優(yōu)勢類型無明顯改變，東風(fēng)農(nóng)場和東岳路辦的土地資源優(yōu)勢類型所占比重逐漸下降，林地和草地所占比重逐漸上升。 2.土地資源數(shù)量及空間結(jié)構(gòu)變化方面，1990-2000年間，保安鎮(zhèn)各土地資源中變化幅度最為顯著的是水域和未利用地；東風(fēng)農(nóng)場各土地利用類型中變化最為明顯的是耕地和水域；東岳路辦各土地利用類型變化量相對較��；大冶市各土地利用類型中耕地的變化量相對最大。2001-2011年間，保安鎮(zhèn)各土地利用類型中變化最為明顯的是耕地和林地；東風(fēng)農(nóng)場各土地利用類型中變化較為明顯的分別是林地、草地以及水域，其中水域減少的部分主要轉(zhuǎn)變成林地和草地；東岳路辦各土地利用類型中變化最為明顯的是草地；大冶市各土地利用類型中變化較為明顯的分別是耕地、草地以及水域，其中耕地增加的部分主要來源于草地和水域減少的部分。 3.土地利用動態(tài)度變化方面，1990-2000年間，保安鎮(zhèn)、東岳路辦以及大冶市對土地資源的利用程度一直比較穩(wěn)定，且處于較高水平，而東風(fēng)農(nóng)場對土地資源的利用程度相對于其他區(qū)域較低，且呈現(xiàn)出逐漸下降的態(tài)勢。前5年保安鎮(zhèn)和大冶市發(fā)展較為平緩，土地利用程度變化不大，東風(fēng)農(nóng)場和東岳路辦均處于調(diào)整期，且東風(fēng)農(nóng)場調(diào)整幅度較為顯著；后5年東岳路辦發(fā)展速度較慢，土地利用程度變化不大，東風(fēng)農(nóng)場、東岳路辦以及大冶市均處于調(diào)整期，但調(diào)整幅度偏小。2001-2011年間，前5年大冶市及其部分鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)均處于發(fā)展期，對土地資源的利用程度均有不同程度的提高，尤其是處于高速發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)下的保安鎮(zhèn)對土地資源的利用程度提高較為顯著。后5年大冶市及其部分鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)均處于調(diào)整期，各區(qū)域?qū)ν恋刭Y源的利用程度均略有下降，尤其是東岳路辦調(diào)整幅度較大，但均保持在較高水平。 4.土地利用景觀格局變化方面。在地類級別層面上，保安鎮(zhèn)、東岳路辦以及大冶市各土地利用類型的景觀要素特征無明顯變化，而東風(fēng)農(nóng)場的耕地所占比重明顯減少，，且耕地分布趨于離散，受人類干擾的程度減弱；水域所占比重明顯增加，分布趨于集中，受人類干擾的程度增強(qiáng)；在景觀級別層面上，保安鎮(zhèn)與東岳路辦的景觀異質(zhì)性變化特征極為相似，只在變化幅度上略有差異，東岳路辦的變化幅度較保安鎮(zhèn)大；東風(fēng)農(nóng)場的景觀異質(zhì)性在此期間持續(xù)小幅下降，景觀中的各土地利用類型單一化程度較明顯，水域斑塊的優(yōu)勢度小幅上升；大冶市的景觀異質(zhì)性則上升，但景觀中的各土地利用類型布局仍然趨于均衡化發(fā)展，耕地的優(yōu)勢地位沒有變化。 5.筆者認(rèn)為在研究區(qū)域土地利用變化時(shí)，以遙感和GIS作為空間信息獲取和處理的技術(shù)手段，將土地利用轉(zhuǎn)移面積矩陣、土地利用動態(tài)度模型與景觀生態(tài)學(xué)的理論和方法相結(jié)合，可以快速并較為準(zhǔn)確地對某一區(qū)域的土地利用特征進(jìn)行定性理解和定量分析，從而為政府的相關(guān)管理部門提供科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)支撐和決策依據(jù)。特別是在新一輪土地利用總體規(guī)劃修編中的專題研究時(shí)，方法具有的科學(xué)性和借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:The city of Daye, Hubei Province, is a city with a long history of mining industry and metallurgical industry. At present, it is facing the decline of the leading industry of resource-based industries, the overall economic decline of the economy, the large number of unemployed workers and the decline in the standard of living. In 2008, the city became the first pilot county-level city in the country with the depletion of resources in the first batch of resource-depleted cities. Under the driving of population, economy and policy, the land-use pattern of Daye City has changed greatly. It is of great practical significance to study the change of land use and the spatial pattern of land use, which is based on the landscape ecology, and to reveal the change law of land use and to realize the sustainable use of land resources. This paper takes Daye City and its villages and towns as the research area, based on 1990,1995,2000 and 2000, and from the MODIS images taken from the Terra satellite, in 2001,2006, the land cover of Hubei Province in 2011 was used to synthesize the data of the grid data products (the spatial resolution is 500 m to 500 m) in the year of 2011. The remote sensing image processing software ERDAS9.2 is used, and the remote sensing image is subjected to geometric correction, cutting and the like in combination with the map of 1: 250,000 topographic map and administrative division of Daye City. On the basis of this, the classification of the classification system of the land resources in Daye City is carried out, and the classification of the classification is calculated. The use of ArcGIS9.3 software to generate the land-use transfer area matrix, and to construct the transfer area model and the land-use dynamic change model, from the change of the land-use type area, the spatial change of the land-use structure and the change of the land-use speed The spatial pattern of land use/ cover in the study area is analyzed by the change of land use degree. On the other hand, by using the theory and method of landscape ecology, it is combined with the landscape pattern analysis software, Fragstats3.3, in the ground class The landscape pattern of land use in the study area from 1990 to 2000 was quantitatively analyzed and the landscape heterogeneity index and the landscape heterogeneity index were selected from two different levels of the landscape level. Status. Summary of the main conclusions 1. According to the distribution of land use type, the type of land resource advantage in the city and its part of the town is not only the similarity, but also the difference. In 1990-2000, the land resource advantage types of the security and Dongfeng farms were of higher types. In order to be similar, the land and water area are the main areas; Dongyue Road is the main land and water area, and the construction land is the second; the cultivated land in Daye City has an absolute leading position in each land use type, and is mainly concentrated in the west and the north-east area, and the forest land is the second, mainly in the south-east area.2001-201 During the period of 1 year, there was no obvious change in the type of land resources in the town of security and the city, and the specific gravity of the land resources of Dongfeng Farm and Dongyue Road decreased gradually, and the specific gravity of the forest land and the grassland was one by one. 2. In terms of the number of land resources and the change of the spatial structure, the most significant change in the land resources of the security town during the period 1990-2000 is the water area and the unused land; the most obvious change in the land use types in the Dongfeng farm is that Cultivated land and water area; the change of land use types in Dongyue Road is relatively small; the change of cultivated land in various land use types in Daye City is relatively large. During the period 2001-2011, the change of land use types in the security towns is most obvious: The change of land use types in the east wind farm is the forest land, the grassland and the water area, where the water area is mainly converted into the forest land and the grassland, and the change of the land use types of the Dongyue Road is the most obvious. The change of land use types in Daye City is obviously the cultivated land, the grassland and the water area, and the increase of the cultivated land mainly comes from the grassland and the water area. 3. With respect to the change of the dynamic attitude of land use, the degree of utilization of land resources in the town of security, Dongyue Road and Daye in the period 1990-2000 has been relatively stable and at a higher level, while the utilization of land resources by Dongfeng Farm is relatively high. low in other regions and present In the first five years, the development of the Security Town and the Daye City is relatively flat, with little change in the land use level, the Dongfeng Farm and the Dongyue Road Office are in the adjustment period, and the adjustment range of the Dongfeng Farm is significant; and the development speed of the Dongyue Road Office in the last 5 years is slow, and the land use degree changes Not much, Dongfeng Farm, Dongyue Road Office and Daye City are in the adjustment period, but the adjustment range is small. During the period of 2001-2011, the first 5 years of Daye City and some of the villages and towns are in the development period, and the utilization degree of land resources is all Different degree of improvement, especially in the state of high-speed development, the security town's utilization of land resources In the last five years, the city and some of the villages and towns are in the adjustment period, and the utilization of land resources in all regions has declined slightly, especially the adjustment range of Dongyue Road Office is large, but all held at a high level.4. land in that aspect of landscape pattern, there is no obvious change in the feature of the landscape element of the land use types at the level of the ground level, the security town, the Dongyue road office and the large-smelting city, while the proportion of the cultivated land in the east wind farm is obviously reduced, and the distribution of the cultivated land tends to be discrete, The degree of human disturbance is weakened; the proportion of the water area is obviously increased, the distribution tends to be concentrated, and the degree of human interference is enhanced; at the level of the landscape, the security town is very similar to the landscape heterogeneity of the Dongyue Road Office, only slightly different in the change range, and the Dongyue Road Office The magnitude of the change is higher than that of the guard town; the landscape heterogeneity of the east wind farm continues to decrease slightly during the period, and the degree of simplification of each land use type in the landscape is obvious, and the advantages of the water area patch are slightly increased; and the large-smelting city The landscape heterogeneity of the landscape is rising, but the layout of land use types in the landscape still tends to be balanced and developed, and the cultivated land 5. The author thinks that in the study of the change of land use, using remote sensing and GIS as the technical means of spatial information acquisition and processing, the land-use transfer area matrix, the land-use dynamic attitude model and the landscape life are put forward. In combination with the theory and method of state science, the land-use characteristics of a certain region can be qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed and analyzed in a rapid and more accurate way, thus providing the relevant management department of the government Scientific data support and decision-making basis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P901;TU984.1
本文編號：2491954
[Abstract]:The city of Daye, Hubei Province, is a city with a long history of mining industry and metallurgical industry. At present, it is facing the decline of the leading industry of resource-based industries, the overall economic decline of the economy, the large number of unemployed workers and the decline in the standard of living. In 2008, the city became the first pilot county-level city in the country with the depletion of resources in the first batch of resource-depleted cities. Under the driving of population, economy and policy, the land-use pattern of Daye City has changed greatly. It is of great practical significance to study the change of land use and the spatial pattern of land use, which is based on the landscape ecology, and to reveal the change law of land use and to realize the sustainable use of land resources. This paper takes Daye City and its villages and towns as the research area, based on 1990,1995,2000 and 2000, and from the MODIS images taken from the Terra satellite, in 2001,2006, the land cover of Hubei Province in 2011 was used to synthesize the data of the grid data products (the spatial resolution is 500 m to 500 m) in the year of 2011. The remote sensing image processing software ERDAS9.2 is used, and the remote sensing image is subjected to geometric correction, cutting and the like in combination with the map of 1: 250,000 topographic map and administrative division of Daye City. On the basis of this, the classification of the classification system of the land resources in Daye City is carried out, and the classification of the classification is calculated. The use of ArcGIS9.3 software to generate the land-use transfer area matrix, and to construct the transfer area model and the land-use dynamic change model, from the change of the land-use type area, the spatial change of the land-use structure and the change of the land-use speed The spatial pattern of land use/ cover in the study area is analyzed by the change of land use degree. On the other hand, by using the theory and method of landscape ecology, it is combined with the landscape pattern analysis software, Fragstats3.3, in the ground class The landscape pattern of land use in the study area from 1990 to 2000 was quantitatively analyzed and the landscape heterogeneity index and the landscape heterogeneity index were selected from two different levels of the landscape level. Status. Summary of the main conclusions 1. According to the distribution of land use type, the type of land resource advantage in the city and its part of the town is not only the similarity, but also the difference. In 1990-2000, the land resource advantage types of the security and Dongfeng farms were of higher types. In order to be similar, the land and water area are the main areas; Dongyue Road is the main land and water area, and the construction land is the second; the cultivated land in Daye City has an absolute leading position in each land use type, and is mainly concentrated in the west and the north-east area, and the forest land is the second, mainly in the south-east area.2001-201 During the period of 1 year, there was no obvious change in the type of land resources in the town of security and the city, and the specific gravity of the land resources of Dongfeng Farm and Dongyue Road decreased gradually, and the specific gravity of the forest land and the grassland was one by one. 2. In terms of the number of land resources and the change of the spatial structure, the most significant change in the land resources of the security town during the period 1990-2000 is the water area and the unused land; the most obvious change in the land use types in the Dongfeng farm is that Cultivated land and water area; the change of land use types in Dongyue Road is relatively small; the change of cultivated land in various land use types in Daye City is relatively large. During the period 2001-2011, the change of land use types in the security towns is most obvious: The change of land use types in the east wind farm is the forest land, the grassland and the water area, where the water area is mainly converted into the forest land and the grassland, and the change of the land use types of the Dongyue Road is the most obvious. The change of land use types in Daye City is obviously the cultivated land, the grassland and the water area, and the increase of the cultivated land mainly comes from the grassland and the water area. 3. With respect to the change of the dynamic attitude of land use, the degree of utilization of land resources in the town of security, Dongyue Road and Daye in the period 1990-2000 has been relatively stable and at a higher level, while the utilization of land resources by Dongfeng Farm is relatively high. low in other regions and present In the first five years, the development of the Security Town and the Daye City is relatively flat, with little change in the land use level, the Dongfeng Farm and the Dongyue Road Office are in the adjustment period, and the adjustment range of the Dongfeng Farm is significant; and the development speed of the Dongyue Road Office in the last 5 years is slow, and the land use degree changes Not much, Dongfeng Farm, Dongyue Road Office and Daye City are in the adjustment period, but the adjustment range is small. During the period of 2001-2011, the first 5 years of Daye City and some of the villages and towns are in the development period, and the utilization degree of land resources is all Different degree of improvement, especially in the state of high-speed development, the security town's utilization of land resources In the last five years, the city and some of the villages and towns are in the adjustment period, and the utilization of land resources in all regions has declined slightly, especially the adjustment range of Dongyue Road Office is large, but all held at a high level.4. land in that aspect of landscape pattern, there is no obvious change in the feature of the landscape element of the land use types at the level of the ground level, the security town, the Dongyue road office and the large-smelting city, while the proportion of the cultivated land in the east wind farm is obviously reduced, and the distribution of the cultivated land tends to be discrete, The degree of human disturbance is weakened; the proportion of the water area is obviously increased, the distribution tends to be concentrated, and the degree of human interference is enhanced; at the level of the landscape, the security town is very similar to the landscape heterogeneity of the Dongyue Road Office, only slightly different in the change range, and the Dongyue Road Office The magnitude of the change is higher than that of the guard town; the landscape heterogeneity of the east wind farm continues to decrease slightly during the period, and the degree of simplification of each land use type in the landscape is obvious, and the advantages of the water area patch are slightly increased; and the large-smelting city The landscape heterogeneity of the landscape is rising, but the layout of land use types in the landscape still tends to be balanced and developed, and the cultivated land 5. The author thinks that in the study of the change of land use, using remote sensing and GIS as the technical means of spatial information acquisition and processing, the land-use transfer area matrix, the land-use dynamic attitude model and the landscape life are put forward. In combination with the theory and method of state science, the land-use characteristics of a certain region can be qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed and analyzed in a rapid and more accurate way, thus providing the relevant management department of the government Scientific data support and decision-making basis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P901;TU984.1
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