【摘要】：本研究為應(yīng)對(duì)在快速城市化背景下所造成的城市環(huán)境與發(fā)展問(wèn)題,對(duì)城市綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行了功能定位、識(shí)別、評(píng)價(jià)與優(yōu)化,得到如下結(jié)論。 (1)在綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)識(shí)別方法中,對(duì)于生態(tài)功能綠道識(shí)別,不同于以往最小阻力模型與網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析模型方法,本研究采用生態(tài)服務(wù)價(jià)值、生物多樣性指數(shù)來(lái)改進(jìn)阻力面的構(gòu)成,提出了基于生態(tài)過(guò)程最小阻力網(wǎng)絡(luò)識(shí)別模型,能夠彌補(bǔ)以往在綠道識(shí)別中阻力面較多關(guān)注土地利用類型及地形地貌特征的不足,從而使得識(shí)別出的生態(tài)功能綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)在體現(xiàn)城市環(huán)境與生態(tài)流區(qū)域擴(kuò)散表現(xiàn)具有較強(qiáng)的真實(shí)性與可靠性。對(duì)于防災(zāi)功能與游憩功能綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)的識(shí)別,不同于以往網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析模型,本研究利用基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析模型的綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)多情景識(shí)別方法,彌補(bǔ)了以往網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析模型在綜合考慮道路廊道等級(jí)、道路廊道安全性以及道路廊道附近人口密度因素對(duì)防災(zāi)功能與游憩功能的影響考慮的不足,可以在識(shí)別不同人群、不同出行方式的綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)得出良好的效果。 通過(guò)以上兩種模型最終識(shí)別出生態(tài)功能、防災(zāi)功能與游憩功能綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)。其中生態(tài)功能綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)呈現(xiàn)出城市中心稀疏城市郊區(qū)較為密集的特點(diǎn),形成了以漢江沿江綠地、龜山、蛇山、馬鞍山、九峰山一線的橫軸綠道,以及長(zhǎng)江沿江綠地公園；嚴(yán)西湖、東湖、南湖三大城市湖泊所圍繞的兩大縱軸綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)一起構(gòu)成了武漢市主城區(qū)的綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)的主要框架。防災(zāi)與游憩功能綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)兩種功能綠道整體分布均呈現(xiàn)了城市中心密集,城市郊區(qū)較為稀疏的特點(diǎn),在局部分布中體現(xiàn)了在公共服務(wù)設(shè)施與居民點(diǎn)周圍的分布較為密集的特征。同時(shí),由于防災(zāi)功能綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行了安全評(píng)價(jià),所以防災(zāi)功能綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)在中心城區(qū)的分布有所減少。 (2)在綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)評(píng)價(jià)方法中,以往的研究中,綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)廊道評(píng)價(jià)中更多利用景觀指數(shù)等方法來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)廊道在整體網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的空間結(jié)構(gòu)連接特征,未考慮其自身在整體網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的質(zhì)量特征,節(jié)點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)中只考慮最近距離的成本,綠地大小、類型以及質(zhì)量等特征。本研究運(yùn)用基于成本距離改進(jìn)重力模型的網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量測(cè)度方法對(duì)綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的廊道在不同功能下的重要性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),同時(shí)在綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)中,運(yùn)用網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量改進(jìn)與基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)可達(dá)概率改進(jìn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)中心度和供需比指數(shù)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。利用流概念彌補(bǔ)了以往研究中較多運(yùn)用空間結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系對(duì)廊道與節(jié)點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)的不足,在綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)廊道與節(jié)點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)中取得了較好的結(jié)果。 評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果顯示：各功能綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)整體結(jié)構(gòu)顯示出了廊道網(wǎng)絡(luò)中環(huán)路數(shù)量偏少,節(jié)點(diǎn)連接數(shù)少,間斷式連接為主,節(jié)點(diǎn)孤立化、點(diǎn)狀化與平面化問(wèn)題突出。 廊道評(píng)價(jià)中,生態(tài)功能綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)的高功能流廊道由于城市內(nèi)部人類影響,在城市內(nèi)部分布相對(duì)比較集中,主要趨近于生態(tài)用地,而在郊區(qū)由于生態(tài)條件較好,則高功能流廊道的分布較為分散。防災(zāi)功能綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)中廊道,隨著救災(zāi)與避難方式可達(dá)程度的提高,其廊道流量呈現(xiàn)出離散的分布特征,反之則表現(xiàn)出局部集中的分布特征。游憩功能綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的廊道,在日常與周末的出行方式中,呈現(xiàn)出了江南與江北的差異,江北主要集中在長(zhǎng)江與漢江交匯地區(qū),而江南則主要集中在環(huán)東湖區(qū)域,同時(shí)周末廊道流量較日常廊道流量集聚分布更加明顯。 節(jié)點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)中,從空間分布特征來(lái)看,生態(tài)功能節(jié)點(diǎn)中,高中心度節(jié)節(jié)點(diǎn)主要集中在郊區(qū)東湖東南部的馬鞍山與九峰山一帶,而在局部地區(qū)例如中心城區(qū)江灘綠地出現(xiàn)了中心城區(qū)核心綠地生態(tài)功能節(jié)點(diǎn)。防災(zāi)功能節(jié)點(diǎn)中,郊區(qū)綠地節(jié)點(diǎn)的避難供需比好于城市中心的綠地節(jié)點(diǎn),隨著距離城市中心距離的增大,供需比也隨之增大,但老年人避難的供需比則出現(xiàn)了局部最優(yōu)的特征。在救災(zāi)節(jié)點(diǎn)中,則出現(xiàn)了與避難節(jié)點(diǎn)分布特征相反的特點(diǎn),主要表現(xiàn)出了城市內(nèi)部節(jié)點(diǎn)的救災(zāi)供需比好于郊區(qū)綠地節(jié)點(diǎn),對(duì)于不同出行方式的救災(zāi)供需比來(lái)講,可達(dá)性越好則供需比越低,呈現(xiàn)出平均全局離散分布特征,而在可達(dá)性較差的情況下,則出現(xiàn)了高供需比臨近局部集聚特征。游憩功能節(jié)點(diǎn)中,高供需比節(jié)點(diǎn)呈現(xiàn)出江北沿江,江南環(huán)湖的特點(diǎn),這一特點(diǎn)與生態(tài)功能高中心度節(jié)點(diǎn)具有類似的分布特征。 從數(shù)量特征來(lái)看,避難節(jié)點(diǎn)主城區(qū)供需比均值大于1,整體表現(xiàn)了較好的避難效果,但分區(qū)節(jié)點(diǎn)供需比則體現(xiàn)了江漢區(qū)、武昌區(qū)與青山區(qū)供需比小于1無(wú)法滿足避難需求的特征。救災(zāi)節(jié)點(diǎn)中,消防與物資功能救災(zāi)的全局與分區(qū)供需比小于1,說(shuō)明這兩種救災(zāi)方式供需不足,而醫(yī)療與公安功能救災(zāi)的大于1,尤其醫(yī)療供需比大于4,表現(xiàn)出了醫(yī)療防災(zāi)供需能力較高,公安救災(zāi)能力相對(duì)較好的特點(diǎn)。游憩節(jié)點(diǎn)在日常的供需比均大于1,表現(xiàn)出了日常游憩較好的供需關(guān)系,而周末游憩節(jié)點(diǎn)的供需比小于1,周末游憩的壓力較大,綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)無(wú)法滿足要求。 (3)在綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化中,針對(duì)城市建設(shè)資金、土地資源相對(duì)緊張,新建綠道實(shí)施性較難的特點(diǎn)。在以往綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化研究中只注重網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間結(jié)構(gòu)的密集性,但是忽略了網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量密集性的特征。本文利用優(yōu)先性保護(hù)原則,并基于綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量改進(jìn)的加權(quán)核密度網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化模型對(duì)現(xiàn)有理想網(wǎng)絡(luò)中流量等級(jí)高,空間結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊的綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行提取,并對(duì)綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)中不能形成有效回路的廊道進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,從而對(duì)整體的綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò),進(jìn)行分功能分層次的網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化整合提取。同時(shí)也為今后的綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)的近中遠(yuǎn)期的目標(biāo)提出了具有可實(shí)施性的策略。 通過(guò)優(yōu)化,本研究識(shí)別了三種單功能綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)與綜合網(wǎng)絡(luò),一共七個(gè)綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)案組成,對(duì)應(yīng)了3個(gè)層次的需求與建設(shè)時(shí)間。其中綜合綠道集成了生態(tài)、防災(zāi)與游憩三種功能的基本需求,構(gòu)成了武漢市主城區(qū)的綠道基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,其整體形態(tài)類似一個(gè)展翅飛翔的風(fēng)箏,而所識(shí)別出的綜合綠道又可分為：水系綠道、山體綠道以及道路綠道。水系綠道主要指沿長(zhǎng)江與漢江分布的綠道,是本研究區(qū)內(nèi)最重要的綠道,這些水系綠道作為本研究區(qū)的綠道結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ),將整個(gè)綠道連接成一個(gè)完整而聯(lián)系的綠道系統(tǒng),連接了嚴(yán)西湖、東湖、沙湖以及南湖的綠道不僅連接了主要的風(fēng)景綠地,同時(shí)作為連接防災(zāi)綠地節(jié)點(diǎn)與重要的動(dòng)植物生境,也具有十分重要的地位,而在這些綠道中構(gòu)建湖泊的植被緩沖地帶,不僅可以防止湖泊被城市發(fā)展進(jìn)一步蠶食,同時(shí)對(duì)于減少湖泊面源污染也具有積極的作用。山體綠道則主要由主城區(qū)東西向森林斑塊構(gòu)成,形成了插入城市的強(qiáng)大綠楔。道路綠道則包括了主要環(huán)線與東西向干道,這些道路綠道連接了主要的防災(zāi)與游憩綠地節(jié)點(diǎn)。 根據(jù)最終的綜合綠道優(yōu)化結(jié)果所顯示的沿江近湖依山的特點(diǎn),本文提出了綠核、綠心、綠道相結(jié)合的適用于與武漢市具有山水相間特征的城市綠道規(guī)劃,并且結(jié)合城市濱水空間,慢行交通以及以人文本的城市綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃實(shí)施策略,對(duì)武漢市城市綠道網(wǎng)絡(luò)的實(shí)施提供了具體的方案。這樣可以利用原有自然條件的優(yōu)越性和現(xiàn)有道路線性空間的延展性來(lái)增加以綠道形式所體現(xiàn)的城市綠色開(kāi)敞空間來(lái)改善城市環(huán)境,緩解人地關(guān)系矛盾,增強(qiáng)城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力。
[Abstract]:In order to deal with the problems of urban environment and development in the context of rapid urbanization, this paper has carried on the function positioning, identification, evaluation and optimization of the urban green road network, and got the following conclusions. (1) In the green road network identification method, for the green channel identification of the ecological function, the method is different from the prior minimum resistance model and the network analysis model method, and the method adopts the ecological service value and the biological diversity index to improve the structure of the resistance surface. In this paper, a network identification model based on the minimum resistance of the ecological process is put forward, which can make up for the problems of the land-use type and the feature of the landforms in the past in the green road recognition. so that the identified ecological function green road network has strong authenticity and reliability in the regional diffusion performance of the urban environment and the ecological flow region, for the identification of the disaster prevention function and the green road network of the recreation function, different from the previous network analysis model, the present study makes up the multi-scene identification method of the green road network based on the network analysis model, The lack of the safety of the road corridor, the safety of the road corridor and the influence of the population density on the function of the disaster prevention and the recreation in the vicinity of the road corridor can result in a good effect in identifying the green road network of different people and different modes of travel through the two models, the ecological function, the disaster prevention function and the recreation function green are finally identified, The ecological function green road network, in which the green road network of the ecological function shows the dense characteristics of the urban central sparse urban suburbs, forms the horizontal and green channels along the Yangtze River, the tortoise and the mountain, the snake mountain, the Ma On Shan, the Jiufeng Mountain, and the green space park along the Yangtze River along the Yangtze River, and the West Lake The two main longitudinal green road networks, which are surrounded by the lakes of the three big cities of the East Lake and the South Lake, together form the main road network of the main urban area of Wuhan The overall distribution of the two functions of the green road network of the function of disaster prevention and recreation is the characteristic of the dense urban center and the sparse in the suburbs of the city. The distribution of the public service facilities and the residential area is more intensive in the local distribution. Meanwhile, because of the safety evaluation of the disaster prevention function green road network, the distribution of the disaster prevention function green road network in the central urban area (2) In the evaluation method of the green road network, in the past research, the landscape index and other methods are used in the evaluation of the green road network corridor to evaluate the spatial structure connection characteristics of the corridor in the whole network, the quality characteristics of the nearest distance, the size and the type of the green space are only taken into account in the node evaluation; In this study, the importance of the corridor in the green road network under different functions is evaluated by the method of network flow measurement based on the improved gravity model based on the cost distance, and at the same time, the network traffic measurement method based on the gravity model of the cost distance improves the importance of the corridor in the green road network under different functions, In the node evaluation, the network flow improvement and the network node center degree and the supply and demand ratio that are improved based on the network reachable probability are used to refer to The number is evaluated. The flow concept is used to make up the deficiency of the relationship between the spatial structure and the evaluation of the corridor and the node in the previous studies, and it has been made in the green road network corridor and the node evaluation. The results show that the whole structure of each functional green road network shows that the number of loops in the corridor network is small, the number of nodes is small, the intermittent connection is the main, the node is isolated, and the point-like connection is the same. In the evaluation of the corridor, the high function flow corridor of the green road network of the ecological function is relatively centralized in the urban internal distribution due to the internal human influence in the city, which is mainly close to the ecological land, while in the suburbs, because the ecological conditions are better, the high-function flow The distribution of the corridor is more dispersed. The corridor in the green road network of the disaster prevention function has a discrete distribution characteristic along with the improvement of the disaster relief and the refuge mode, and vice versa. The distribution characteristics of the local concentration. The corridor in the green road network of the recreation function shows the difference between the south and the north of the Yangtze River in the daily and weekend modes. The main focus of Jiangbei is in the intersection of the Yangtze River and the Hanjiang River, while the Jiangnan is the main To focus on the East Lake region of the ring, the flow of the gallery at the end of the weekend is higher than that of the daily gallery The cluster distribution is more obvious. In the node evaluation, from the spatial distribution characteristics, the nodes of the high-center node in the ecological function node mainly focus on the Ma On Shan and the Jiufeng Mountain area in the south-east of the suburb of the suburb, while in the local area, for example, the central city of Jiangtan green space in the central urban area In the disaster prevention function node, the refuge supply and demand ratio of the suburban green space node is better than that of the urban center. With the increase of the distance from the center of the city center, the supply and demand ratio also increases, but the supply and demand ratio of the old people to seek refuge in the disaster relief node, the characteristic that the distribution characteristic of the refuge node is opposite is found, the disaster relief supply and demand ratio of the urban internal node is better than that of the suburban green space node, and for the disaster relief supply and demand ratio of different modes of travel, The better the accessibility, the lower the supply and demand ratio, and the average global discrete distribution characteristics, while in the case of poor accessibility, high The supply and demand ratio is close to the local agglomeration feature. In the recreation function node, the high supply and demand ratio node presents the characteristics of the Yangtze River and the Jiangnan ring lake, and this feature is very central to the ecological function. The node has similar distribution characteristics. In terms of the quantitative characteristics, the supply and demand ratio of the main urban area of the refuge node is more than 1, and the overall performance has better refuge effect. However, the supply and demand ratio of the division node reflects the supply and demand ratio of the Jianghan District, the Wuchang District and the Qingshan District. In the disaster relief node, the global and regional supply and demand ratio of the disaster relief of fire and material functions is less than 1, which indicates that the supply and demand of the two kinds of disaster relief methods are insufficient, and the medical and public security function disaster relief is more than 1, especially the medical supply and demand ratio is greater than 4. the medical disaster prevention and demand capability is high, The characteristics of the public security disaster relief ability are relatively good. The daily supply and demand ratio of the recreation node is more than 1, and the demand and demand relationship of the daily recreation is shown, and the demand and demand ratio of the recreation node at the weekend is less than 1, and the pressure of the recreation at the end of the weekend is relatively large and (3) in the optimization of the green road network, the land resources are opposite to the urban construction funds and the land resources, in that prior green road network optimization research, only the dense nature of the network spatial structure is paid attention to, In this paper, the priority protection principle is used to extract the green channel network with high traffic class and compact space in the existing ideal network based on the improved weighted kernel density network optimization model of the green channel network traffic, and the green channel network the corridor of the effective circuit can not be formed to be optimized so as to carry out the whole green road network, The network optimization of the sub-functional sub-hierarchy is integrated and extracted. At the same time, it also provides a near future for the construction of the green road network in the future. The objective of this study is to put forward a strategy with implementability. Through optimization, this study identified three single-function green road network and integrated network, and the total number of seven green road network plan groups The integrated green road integrates the basic needs of three functions of ecology, disaster prevention and recreation, and forms a green road infrastructure in the main urban area of Wuhan. The identified comprehensive green road can also be divided into In order to: the water system green road, the mountain green road and the road green road, the water system green road mainly refers to the green road along the Yangtze River and the Hanjiang distribution, which is the most important green road in the study area. The green road system is connected with the west lake, the east lake, the sand lake and the green road of the south lake not only connected with the main landscape green space, but also as a connection disaster prevention green space node and an important plant and plant habitat, and also has a very important position, The vegetation buffer zone of the lake is constructed in the green channels, not only can prevent the lake from being further eaten by the urban development, but also in ord to reduce that pollution of the non-point source of the lake, it also has a positive effect, and the green road of the mountain is mainly composed of the east-west forest of the main urban area The patch is a powerful green wedge to be inserted into the city. The road green road includes the main loop line and the east-west main road, which The main disaster prevention and recreation green space node is connected with the green road. According to the characteristics of the near lake in the river along the Yangtze River as shown in the final comprehensive green road optimization result, this paper puts forward the combination of the green core, the green heart and the green road, and it has the characteristics of the landscape and the landscape in Wuhan. Urban green road planning, combined with urban waterfront space, slow-line traffic, and urban green-track network planning implementation strategy based on human text, The implementation of the urban green road network in the Han city provides a specific scheme. This can use the advantages of the original natural conditions and the extension of the linear space of the existing road to increase the green open space of the city, which is embodied in the form of green road, to improve the urban environment and slow down.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU985.2

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