【摘要】：進(jìn)入二十一世紀(jì)以來尤其是近十年間,亞太地區(qū)尤其是中國災(zāi)害都進(jìn)入頻發(fā)期,且災(zāi)害種類、強(qiáng)度、影響范圍等呈上升趨勢,以至災(zāi)害對(duì)城市所造成的人員及經(jīng)濟(jì)財(cái)產(chǎn)損失逐年攀升,使得各國城市防災(zāi)工作面臨重要挑戰(zhàn)。在一次次的災(zāi)害經(jīng)歷及災(zāi)后救援疏散經(jīng)驗(yàn)中人們逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)并開始重視作為城市綠地系統(tǒng)重要組成部分的城市公園綠地所發(fā)揮的災(zāi)前防御及災(zāi)時(shí)避險(xiǎn)功能,并更加注重在滿足公園綠地現(xiàn)有生態(tài)、景觀、休閑等功能的基礎(chǔ)上挖掘其防災(zāi)避險(xiǎn)功能,將其納入城市防災(zāi)空間體系的有機(jī)組成部分,使得城市防災(zāi)避險(xiǎn)場所體系更為完善,此外,將城市公園綠地與防災(zāi)避險(xiǎn)場所結(jié)合建設(shè)規(guī)劃對(duì)于提高土地利用率、實(shí)現(xiàn)資源和空間共享具有重要意義。 本文正是在這樣的背景下,從自身研究領(lǐng)域出發(fā),在了解學(xué)習(xí)國外研究成果和建設(shè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)城市公園綠地概念從功能、使用人群、設(shè)施、環(huán)境、經(jīng)營團(tuán)體等方面進(jìn)行歸納,明晰城市綠地分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下不同性質(zhì)的公園綠地與防災(zāi)避險(xiǎn)場所結(jié)合建設(shè)的適宜性,并對(duì)本次研究范圍進(jìn)行界定；分析我國所遭受的自然災(zāi)害類型及區(qū)域分布特征,總結(jié)我國所遭受的首要自然災(zāi)害類型；梳理總結(jié)災(zāi)后不同時(shí)段避災(zāi)人員不同行為心理需求；明晰防災(zāi)避險(xiǎn)場所體系及規(guī)劃指標(biāo)體系作為研究的基礎(chǔ)和指導(dǎo),使本文的研究更具科學(xué)性。 在考慮自身能力范疇所及基礎(chǔ)上選擇哈爾濱、北京、成都市區(qū)范圍內(nèi)具有代表性的城市中心區(qū)及區(qū)內(nèi)具有代表性的已列為防災(zāi)避險(xiǎn)場所的公園綠地,通過大量的實(shí)地調(diào)研、資料搜集及問卷調(diào)查,從總體規(guī)劃和詳細(xì)規(guī)劃兩方面總結(jié)提出現(xiàn)狀公園綠地防災(zāi)避險(xiǎn)規(guī)劃存在的共性問題,以此作為后文研究開展的突破口。 從災(zāi)前防御與災(zāi)時(shí)避險(xiǎn)兩方面分析總結(jié)公園綠地的防災(zāi)避險(xiǎn)功能,并闡述其與防災(zāi)避險(xiǎn)場所結(jié)合規(guī)劃建設(shè)的必要性；綜合災(zāi)后不同時(shí)段人員的不同行為心理需求、我國防災(zāi)避險(xiǎn)場所規(guī)劃理論和指標(biāo)、日本防災(zāi)公園分類指標(biāo)等要素,歸納出我國防災(zāi)避險(xiǎn)公園綠地三種類型：城區(qū)級(jí)基地型防災(zāi)避險(xiǎn)公園綠地、社區(qū)級(jí)據(jù)點(diǎn)型防災(zāi)避險(xiǎn)公園綠地和居住小區(qū)級(jí)過渡型防災(zāi)避險(xiǎn)公園綠地；以功能層次上的組成要素結(jié)合布局層次上的形態(tài)要素構(gòu)建完整體系,強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)層次構(gòu)建要素的聯(lián)系,以構(gòu)建層級(jí)化網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的防災(zāi)避險(xiǎn)公園綠地體系。 提出不同類型城市公園綠地防災(zāi)避險(xiǎn)規(guī)劃應(yīng)遵循的五項(xiàng)原則,并針對(duì)調(diào)研問題從總體規(guī)劃方面提出理想布局模型和優(yōu)化布局模型；詳細(xì)規(guī)劃方面針對(duì)三種類型公園綠地的防災(zāi)避險(xiǎn)功能從場地規(guī)劃、空間布局、設(shè)施規(guī)劃三個(gè)大的方面提出相應(yīng)規(guī)劃對(duì)策,希望通過本文的研究,可以為不同類型城市公園綠地防災(zāi)避險(xiǎn)專項(xiàng)規(guī)劃總體布局和單體布置提供參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 21 century, especially in the past ten years, disasters in the Asia-Pacific region, especially in China, have entered a period of frequent occurrence, and the types, intensity and scope of disasters have shown an upward trend. As a result, the loss of human and economic property caused by disasters is rising year by year, which makes the urban disaster prevention work in various countries face important challenges. In the experience of disaster and rescue and evacuation after disaster, people gradually understand and begin to pay attention to the function of predisaster defense and risk aversion of urban park green space, which is an important part of urban green space system. And pay more attention to excavate its disaster prevention and avoidance function on the basis of satisfying the existing ecological, landscape, leisure and other functions of park green space, and bring it into the organic part of the urban disaster prevention space system, so that the urban disaster prevention and avoidance place system is more perfect. In addition, the combination of urban park green space and disaster prevention and avoidance place construction planning is of great significance to improve land use efficiency and realize resource and space sharing. This paper is in this context, from their own research field, on the basis of understanding and learning foreign research results and construction experience, the concept of urban park green space from the function, user population, facilities, environment, The management groups and other aspects are summarized, and the suitability of the combination of different nature of park green space and disaster prevention and avoidance places under the classification standard of urban green space is clarified, and the scope of this study is defined. This paper analyzes the types and regional distribution characteristics of natural disasters in China, summarizes the primary types of natural disasters in China, combs and summarizes the different behavioral psychological needs of disaster averse personnel in different periods after disasters. It is necessary to clarify the system of disaster prevention and shelter and the index system of planning as the basis and guidance of the research, which makes the research of this paper more scientific. On the basis of considering the scope of their own ability, this paper selects the representative urban central areas of Harbin, Beijing and Chengdu and the representative park green spaces listed as disaster prevention and avoidance places in the urban areas of Harbin, Beijing and Chengdu, and through a large number of field research, Data collection and questionnaire survey, this paper summarizes the common problems existing in the disaster prevention and avoidance planning of park green space from two aspects of overall planning and detailed planning, which can be used as a breakthrough in the following research. This paper analyzes and summarizes the disaster prevention and avoidance function of park green space from two aspects of pre-disaster prevention and disaster avoidance, and expounds the necessity of combining it with the planning and construction of disaster prevention and avoidance places. According to the different behavioral psychological needs of personnel in different periods after disaster, the planning theory and index of disaster prevention and shelter in China, the classification index of disaster prevention park in Japan, and so on, Three types of green space in disaster prevention and avoidance parks in China are summarized: urban level base disaster prevention and avoidance park green space, community level stronghold disaster prevention and avoidance park green space and residential small district level transitional disaster prevention and avoidance park green space; A complete system is constructed by combining the constituent elements at the functional level with the morphological elements at the layout level, and the relationship between the two levels is emphasized in order to construct a hierarchical and networked green space system for disaster prevention and risk aversion parks. This paper puts forward five principles that should be followed in the disaster prevention and avoidance planning of different types of urban park green space, and puts forward the ideal layout model and the optimal layout model from the aspect of overall planning in view of the investigation and investigation problems. In the aspect of detailed planning, the corresponding planning countermeasures are put forward from three aspects: site planning, spatial layout and facility planning for the disaster prevention and avoidance function of three types of park green space. I hope that through the study of this paper, It can provide reference for the overall layout and single layout of different types of urban park green space disaster prevention and avoidance special planning.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU984.116;TU986.5

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