【摘要】：位于嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)的村鎮(zhèn)冬季水源溫度較低，，冬季凍土深度很大，管道埋深過淺，則管道內(nèi)部容易發(fā)生凍結(jié)，埋深過大，則實際工程施工量很大。如何在保證冬季供水管道不發(fā)生凍脹的基礎(chǔ)上，減小管道的埋深與工程經(jīng)濟投資，是本文需要解決的問題。本文針對以上問題，在分析了影響土壤溫度場的不同因素，就適用于北方村鎮(zhèn)的給水處理工藝，提出了合理的淺埋管道保溫方案，以滿足北方村鎮(zhèn)冬季供水的要求。 首先本對寒區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)進行實地調(diào)研，對大慶市林甸縣的土壤溫度與土壤導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)進行了實測，確定了本文所研究村鎮(zhèn)的用水量。通過對林甸縣供水管道保溫的調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn)，很多管道存在冬季凍脹凍裂的問題，借鑒部分城市管道淺埋的方式，提出管道淺埋的保溫方式。 其次建立寒區(qū)埋地管道周圍土壤溫度場的計算方程，并討論不同地表溫度與土壤含水量的情況下，土壤溫度場的變化。分析保溫材料導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)與保溫層厚度對管道散熱量的影響，這兩項是對管道散熱量影響很大的兩項。管內(nèi)水溫對管道散熱量影響也很大，但在本文中，管內(nèi)水溫很低，對管道的散熱量影響不大，故不在分析范圍內(nèi)，保溫層厚度方面：先通過測定保溫材料的力學(xué)特性與保溫特性，確定出保溫材料的各項參數(shù)。管道埋深與保溫材料的導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)對保溫層厚度的影響很大。隨隨著材質(zhì)熱導(dǎo)率的增加，所需的保溫層厚度越大。在管道埋深較大時，管道埋深和管道外徑對保溫層厚度影響較大。在確定保溫層厚度時，要從管道埋深，保溫材料，管徑等多方面考慮，以選擇最合適的保溫層厚度。 最后以林甸縣某供水管道為原型，進行管道的保溫設(shè)計。通過計算此地區(qū)凍土深度，以及地下水位高度，可以得到管道的埋設(shè)深度。并通過量及供水管道管徑的計算，得到可行的保溫方案。對比計算當(dāng)管道淺埋加保溫層以及管道埋在東土線以下的經(jīng)濟費用。
[Abstract]:The water source temperature of villages and towns located in severe cold area is low in winter, the depth of frozen soil in winter is very large, and the buried depth of pipeline is too shallow, so it is easy to freeze inside the pipeline and the buried depth is too large, so the actual construction quantity of the project is very large. How to reduce the buried depth of the pipeline and the economic investment of the project on the basis of ensuring that the frost heave does not occur in the winter water supply pipeline is the problem that needs to be solved in this paper. In view of the above problems, this paper analyzes the different factors that affect the soil temperature field, and puts forward a reasonable heat preservation scheme of shallow buried pipeline to meet the requirements of winter water supply in northern villages and towns on the basis of the water supply treatment technology suitable for northern villages and towns. Firstly, the field investigation of villages and towns in cold region was carried out, and the soil temperature and soil thermal conductivity in Lindian County of Daqing City were measured, and the water consumption of villages and towns studied in this paper was determined. Through the investigation of the heat preservation of the water supply pipeline in Lindian County, it is found that many pipelines have the problem of frost heave and frost cracking in winter. drawing lessons from the shallow burying mode of some urban pipelines, the heat preservation mode of the shallow buried pipeline is put forward. Secondly, the calculation equation of soil temperature field around buried pipeline in cold region is established, and the change of soil temperature field under different surface temperature and soil water content is discussed. The effects of thermal conductivity and thickness of insulation layer on heat dissipation of pipeline are analyzed, and these two items have great influence on heat dissipation of pipeline. The water temperature in the pipe also has a great influence on the heat dissipation of the pipeline, but in this paper, the water temperature in the pipe is very low and has little effect on the heat dissipation of the pipeline, so it is not in the range of analysis. In the aspect of insulation layer thickness, the parameters of thermal insulation material are determined by measuring the mechanical properties and thermal insulation characteristics of thermal insulation material. The buried depth of the pipeline and the thermal conductivity of the insulation material have a great influence on the thickness of the insulation layer. With the increase of thermal conductivity of the material, the thickness of the insulation layer is larger. When the buried depth of the pipeline is large, the buried depth and the outer diameter of the pipeline have great influence on the thickness of the insulation layer. When determining the thickness of insulation layer, it is necessary to consider the buried depth of pipeline, heat preservation material, pipe diameter and so on in order to select the most suitable thickness of insulation layer. Finally, taking a water supply pipeline in Lindian County as the prototype, the heat preservation design of the pipeline is carried out. By calculating the depth of frozen soil and the height of groundwater level in this area, the buried depth of pipeline can be obtained. Through the calculation of the quantity and the pipe diameter of the water supply pipeline, the feasible heat preservation scheme is obtained. The economic cost of shallow buried insulation layer and pipeline buried below the east soil line is compared and calculated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU991.38

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