【摘要】：我國村鎮(zhèn)地區(qū)地廣人多,建筑面積龐大,村鎮(zhèn)建筑生活用能是村鎮(zhèn)能源消費(fèi)的主要構(gòu)成部分。隨著社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展的實(shí)施,農(nóng)民條件的改善,大規(guī)模的農(nóng)村住宅建設(shè)將消耗更多的能源。而我國當(dāng)前農(nóng)村對能源的開發(fā)和利用方式相對落后,能源浪費(fèi)情況嚴(yán)重、利用率低。隨著農(nóng)村住宅的改建、擴(kuò)建速度的逐年加快,對農(nóng)民居住的條件改善的需求越來越迫切。但由于沒有科學(xué)的設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù),有些農(nóng)村住房盲目地改建,造成多數(shù)農(nóng)村住宅為能耗高、層次低的重復(fù)性住宅,造成能源、資源的大量浪費(fèi)。本文即以此問題為切入點(diǎn),通過對當(dāng)前北方典型農(nóng)村住宅進(jìn)行調(diào)研,通過問卷調(diào)查、實(shí)際觀察測繪、現(xiàn)場測試等方式,掌握農(nóng)村住宅實(shí)際狀況、能源的種類和使用情況及主要的采暖形式,并對這些方面存在的不利因素,提出相應(yīng)的解決方案。并以其中嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)農(nóng)村住宅為研究對象,對其外墻、地面、屋頂及外門等圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的傳熱系數(shù)進(jìn)行了實(shí)地測試。進(jìn)而根據(jù)嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)的氣候特征,利用能耗模擬軟件DeST-h模擬,研究嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)農(nóng)房外圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)對室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境與建筑能耗的影響。主要從朝向、外墻保溫方式、外墻傳熱系數(shù)K值、外窗傳熱系數(shù)K值及地面、屋面保溫措施等幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行研究分析,分析各種措施在降低采暖能耗中的作用大小,為農(nóng)村住宅新建、改造提供指導(dǎo)方向和具體措施。通過對當(dāng)前嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)典型農(nóng)村住宅的調(diào)研分析,掌握第一手資料,了解農(nóng)村住宅現(xiàn)狀、能源結(jié)構(gòu)形式和利用情況及典型的采暖方式,并對這些方面存在的不利因素,提出相應(yīng)的解決方案。對設(shè)計(jì)建造出舒適節(jié)能的宜居農(nóng)村住宅,緩解我國能源緊缺狀況有著重要的意義。
[Abstract]:There are many people in the villages and towns of our country, and the building area is huge. The energy consumption of the villages and towns is the main component of the energy consumption of the villages and towns. With the implementation of socialist new rural construction strategy and the improvement of farmers' conditions, large-scale rural housing construction will consume more energy. However, the current rural development and utilization of energy in China is relatively backward, energy waste is serious, and the utilization rate is low. With the reconstruction of rural housing and the acceleration of expansion rate year by year, the demand for the improvement of farmers' living conditions is becoming more and more urgent. However, because there is no scientific design basis, some rural houses are blindly rebuilt, resulting in the majority of rural housing for high energy consumption, low-level repetitive housing, resulting in a large amount of waste of energy and resources. This paper takes this problem as the starting point, through the investigation of the typical rural housing in the north, through the questionnaire investigation, the actual observation and mapping, the field test and so on, to grasp the actual situation of the rural housing. The types and uses of energy and the main heating forms are discussed, and the corresponding solutions are put forward for the unfavorable factors in these aspects. The heat transfer coefficient of the exterior wall, the ground, the roof and the outer door of the housing in the severe cold area was tested on the spot, and the heat transfer coefficient of the exterior wall, the ground, the roof and the outer door were tested. According to the climate characteristics of severe cold area, the influence of exterior protection structure of farm house on indoor thermal environment and building energy consumption was studied by using energy consumption simulation software DeST-h. Mainly from the orientation, external wall heat preservation mode, exterior wall heat transfer coefficient K value, exterior window heat transfer coefficient K value and floor, roof insulation measures, and so on, analyzed the role of various measures in reducing heating energy consumption. To provide guidance and specific measures for the construction and reconstruction of rural housing. Through the investigation and analysis of the typical rural housing in the severe cold area, we can master the first-hand data, understand the current situation of the rural housing, the form of energy structure and utilization and the typical heating mode, and make use of the unfavorable factors in these aspects. The corresponding solutions are put forward. It is of great significance to design and build comfortable and energy-saving rural housing and alleviate the shortage of energy in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU241.4;TU18

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