【摘要】：取材方便、施工簡單和經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠等特點(diǎn)使得無筋砌體結(jié)構(gòu)廣泛存在于我國農(nóng)村以及城鎮(zhèn)中。在人類文明中，很多代表人類古代文明的建筑物同樣也是砌體結(jié)構(gòu)。但是結(jié)構(gòu)材料特性的離散性、施工的非工程性本質(zhì)以及開洞墻體分析難題使得無筋砌體結(jié)構(gòu)的分析十分困難。加之近年來地震頻發(fā)，由于其動力特性有很強(qiáng)的非線性，無筋砌體結(jié)構(gòu)在歷次震害中都損傷嚴(yán)重�；谄鲶w結(jié)構(gòu)分析的難題，國內(nèi)對砌體結(jié)構(gòu)抗震性能研究主要集于確定性分析和考慮單一不確定性的分析。因此考慮多種不確定因素的無筋砌體結(jié)構(gòu)地震易損性分析就顯得十分重要。 本文首先對無筋砌體結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)體墻體的力學(xué)性能以及建模分析做了詳細(xì)介紹，分別討論了無筋砌體結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)體墻的彈性以及非線性力學(xué)特性，介紹了彈性及塑性剛度的計算公式。進(jìn)而在實(shí)體墻力學(xué)性能研究的基礎(chǔ)上通過等效框架方法得到了開洞砌體墻體的彈性力學(xué)性能。之后，采用添加塑性的方式使得等效框架結(jié)構(gòu)能夠較為準(zhǔn)確模擬無筋砌體結(jié)構(gòu)靜力和動力的非線性力學(xué)性能。使用用戶友好型軟件SAP2000進(jìn)行了等效框架法建模分析，將分析結(jié)果與帕維亞大學(xué)試驗(yàn)以及ISMES試驗(yàn)結(jié)果作為對比，驗(yàn)證了添加剪切塑性鉸的等效框架方法能夠較好模結(jié)構(gòu)靜力和動力反應(yīng)。然后，使用VBA語言調(diào)用SAP2000，實(shí)現(xiàn)建模、分析以及結(jié)果輸入的全自動化，方便之后的大量分析。 在驗(yàn)證模型之后，分別對兩層一跨和單層單跨的無筋砌體結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了確定性抗震性能分析，包括模態(tài)分析、Pushover分析和非線性動力時程分析，了解了結(jié)構(gòu)的動力性能、失效模式和地震力結(jié)構(gòu)中的分布形式。在確定性分析之后，對兩層一跨無筋砌體結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行地震易損性分析并討論結(jié)構(gòu)地震易損性分析參數(shù)對結(jié)構(gòu)地震易損性曲線的影響。采用云圖法、動力Pushover分析和統(tǒng)計方法，非別考慮地震動不確定性和結(jié)構(gòu)的不確定性，，得到了結(jié)構(gòu)的地震易損性曲線。對不同方法得到的無筋砌體結(jié)構(gòu)地震易損性進(jìn)行分析比較后得出：統(tǒng)計方法得到的結(jié)構(gòu)地震易損性最高，動力Pushover次之，云圖法最低的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:The advantages of convenient material acquisition, simple construction and economic benefit make the unreinforced masonry structure widely exist in rural areas and towns of our country. In human civilization, many buildings that represent ancient civilization are also masonry structures. However, the discreteness of structural material characteristics, the non-engineering nature of construction and the difficult problems in analysis of wall with holes make the analysis of unreinforced masonry structures very difficult. In addition, earthquakes occur frequently in recent years, because of its strong nonlinear dynamic characteristics, unreinforced masonry structures have been seriously damaged in previous earthquakes. Based on the difficult problems of masonry structure analysis, the research on seismic performance of masonry structure in China is mainly focused on deterministic analysis and single uncertainty analysis. Therefore, seismic vulnerability analysis of unreinforced masonry structures considering many uncertain factors is very important. In this paper, the mechanical properties and modeling analysis of the solid wall of unreinforced masonry structure are introduced in detail. The elastic and nonlinear mechanical properties of the solid wall of unreinforced masonry structure are discussed respectively, and the calculation formulas of elastic and plastic stiffness are introduced. On the basis of the study of the mechanical properties of the solid wall, the elastic mechanical properties of the masonry wall with openings are obtained by the equivalent frame method. After that, the equivalent frame structure can accurately simulate the static and dynamic nonlinear mechanical properties of the unreinforced masonry structure by adding plasticity. The user-friendly software SAP2000 is used for modeling and analysis of the equivalent frame method. The results are compared with those of the Pavia University experiment and the ISMES test. It is verified that the equivalent frame method with shear plastic hinge can better model the static and dynamic responses of the structure. Then, we use VBA language to call SAP2000, to realize modeling, analysis and result input automation, which is convenient for a lot of analysis. After verifying the model, the deterministic seismic performance analysis of two-story, one-span and single-story single-span unreinforced masonry structures is carried out, including modal analysis, Pushover analysis and nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis, and the dynamic performance of the structure is understood. Failure modes and distribution forms in earthquake force structures. After the deterministic analysis, the seismic vulnerability analysis of two-story one-span unreinforced masonry structure is carried out and the influence of structural seismic vulnerability analysis parameters on the seismic vulnerability curve of the structure is discussed. Using cloud map method, dynamic Pushover analysis and statistical method, the seismic vulnerability curve of the structure is obtained without considering the uncertainty of ground motion and structure. The seismic vulnerability of unreinforced masonry structures obtained by different methods is analyzed and compared. It is concluded that the seismic vulnerability of structures obtained by statistical method is the highest, that of dynamic Pushover is the second, and that of cloud map method is the lowest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU364;TU352.11

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