【摘要】：近年來，頻發(fā)的地震災(zāi)害嚴重威脅到人們的生命安全及經(jīng)濟財產(chǎn)安全。然而對于這種無法預(yù)估的自然災(zāi)害，我們唯一能做的就是加強防御措施，防患于未然，在災(zāi)難來臨的第一時間，做出最積極及時的補救措施，保證人們在災(zāi)后的生命及財產(chǎn)安全。因此，災(zāi)后避難場所的建設(shè)越來越受到人們的重視，對避難場所的要求也越來越嚴格。對于大多數(shù)大中型城市，土地資源緊張，無法提供大空間的場地作為災(zāi)后的避難場所，所以將既有大空間建筑改建成避難場所成為了當(dāng)下一個重要的課題。如何對既有大空間建筑進行加固及改造，使其滿足避難場所的規(guī)定，為本次研究的重點。 既有大空間體育館抗震設(shè)防烈度為8度(0.2g)，框架抗震等級為一級。根據(jù)《防災(zāi)避難場所設(shè)計規(guī)范》的相關(guān)要求，避難場所的抗震設(shè)防烈度應(yīng)該提高一度，即9度(0.4g)。當(dāng)體育館按照避難場所的要求進行抗震計算時，部分框架柱出現(xiàn)超筋情況，各層最大層間位移角均超限，主要原因是結(jié)構(gòu)的抗側(cè)移剛度不足。本次研究根據(jù)大空間建筑的特性及避難場所的特點提出了相應(yīng)的加固方案。首先，考慮用增大截面法對該體育館進行加固，對其中的超筋柱、梁進行調(diào)整，，使其最終可以滿足規(guī)范要求。但在調(diào)整完成后發(fā)現(xiàn)由于修改尺寸過大，在施工方面有很多難以克服的困難，也不符合綠色環(huán)保的設(shè)計理念，經(jīng)過大量的數(shù)據(jù)分析，證明該方法不適于對此建筑進行加固。其次，考慮用鋼支撐對該體育館進行加固，在保證原體育館側(cè)向剛度沿豎向盡量均勻的條件下，增加柱間工字型交叉支撐是最優(yōu)的加固方式，能夠保證該建筑能夠滿足《防災(zāi)避難場所設(shè)計規(guī)范》的要求。 本課題以PKPM軟件為平臺，建立某中學(xué)體育館模型，對加固方案進行實例分析。通過計算，該體育館網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu)部分可以滿足《防災(zāi)避難場所設(shè)計規(guī)范》的相關(guān)要求，故本課題在此部分只做簡單介紹，本課題將重點分析大空間建筑鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)部分的加固。
[Abstract]:In recent years, frequent earthquake disasters seriously threaten the safety of people's lives and economic property. However, the only thing we can do about this unpredictably natural disaster is to strengthen our defences, prevent it before it happens, and take the most active and timely remedial measures at the first moment of the disaster. To ensure the safety of people's lives and property in the aftermath of the disaster. Therefore, people pay more and more attention to the construction of post-disaster refuge, and the requirements of asylum are more and more strict. For most large and medium-sized cities, the land resources are too tight to provide a large space as a shelter after the disaster, so it becomes the next important topic to transform the existing large space buildings into shelters. How to strengthen and transform the existing large space buildings to meet the requirements of shelters is the focus of this study. The seismic fortification intensity of the existing large space gymnasium is 8 degrees (0.2 g), and the seismic grade of the frame is first grade. According to the relevant requirements of the Code for the Design of disaster-proof shelters, the earthquake-resistant fortification intensity of the shelters should be increased by one degree, that is, 9 degrees (0.4 g). When the gymnasium carries on the seismic calculation according to the request of the shelter, some frame columns appear superreinforcement, and the maximum displacement angle of each story exceeds the limit. The main reason is that the stiffness of the structure against lateral displacement is insufficient. According to the characteristics of large-space buildings and the characteristics of shelters, the corresponding reinforcement scheme is proposed in this study. First of all, the method of increasing section is considered to strengthen the gymnasium, and the super-reinforced columns and beams are adjusted so that it can meet the requirements of the code at last. However, after the adjustment, it is found that there are many difficulties in construction due to the oversize modification, and it is also not in line with the design concept of green environment protection. Through a lot of data analysis, it is proved that this method is not suitable for strengthening this building. Secondly, the reinforcement of the gymnasium with steel bracing is considered. Under the condition that the lateral stiffness of the original gymnasium is as uniform as possible along the vertical direction, increasing the I-shaped cross bracing between columns is the best way to strengthen the gymnasium. Can ensure that the building can meet the requirements of the disaster shelter design code. This project takes PKPM software as the platform, establishes a middle school gymnasium model, carries on the example analysis to the reinforcement plan. Through calculation, the space structure part of the gymnasium can meet the relevant requirements of the Code of Design for disaster Prevention and Shelter places, so this subject is only briefly introduced in this part. In this paper, the reinforcement of reinforced concrete structure in large space building will be analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北聯(lián)合大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU352.11

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