中國(guó)古代營(yíng)造技術(shù)中的制器尚象觀
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-04-13 11:07
【摘要】：“制器尚象”是中國(guó)古代科技思想中的獨(dú)特理念,是建立在中國(guó)古代術(shù)數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)體系之上的技術(shù)觀念,對(duì)古代哲學(xué)和科學(xué)思想體系的構(gòu)建和邏輯關(guān)系的形成都是不可或缺的基本觀念。在古代建筑的營(yíng)造活動(dòng)中,特別在技術(shù)邏輯的層面上,“制器尚象”觀念對(duì)建筑營(yíng)造實(shí)踐的影響和作用都十分明顯�！吨芤住は缔o》中提出的“制器尚象”的造物理?yè)?jù)在古代技術(shù)文獻(xiàn)如《考工記》、《營(yíng)造法式》、《新儀象法要》、《夢(mèng)溪筆談》、《天工開(kāi)物》中均有闡述。不僅如此,考察“象”概念的起源,從最早的卦象創(chuàng)制到漢字的“六書”造字,均因循會(huì)意式思維的推類邏輯體系。繼而由此體系發(fā)展起來(lái)的陰陽(yáng)術(shù)數(shù)學(xué)涵蓋算學(xué)、天文、歷法、樂(lè)律、軍事、醫(yī)學(xué)等開(kāi)物成器的幾乎所有門類科學(xué),其理論幾乎都建立在“象”概念的推類之上。因此從“制器尚象”觀念出發(fā)對(duì)古代營(yíng)造技術(shù)進(jìn)行思考可以更確切地理解營(yíng)造者的技術(shù)初衷,了解古建筑的形制和技術(shù)內(nèi)涵的原始動(dòng)機(jī)。論文闡述如下內(nèi)容:一、“制器尚象”觀念的沿革及考據(jù);二、闡述“象”的概念與其背后的術(shù)數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)體系的概況;三、在會(huì)意思維形成的“制器尚象”觀念之下的技術(shù)邏輯方式,以及“制器尚象”在古代造物實(shí)踐中的運(yùn)用及考據(jù);四、古代建筑尺度數(shù)值取“象”的考據(jù)及推類方式解讀;五、重要的建筑技術(shù)如尺度和舉折、屋面構(gòu)架、斗h1、機(jī)樞的形制與“象理”之間的關(guān)系;六、結(jié)論與啟示:“制器尚象”觀念對(duì)營(yíng)造技術(shù)實(shí)踐的影響是深層次的,不僅僅停留在啟示層面,更深層次的是與整個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的術(shù)數(shù)學(xué)體系的整體關(guān)聯(lián)。
[Abstract]:It is a unique idea in ancient China's scientific and technological thought, and a technical concept based on the mathematical knowledge system of ancient Chinese science and technology, "making an artifact still like" is a unique idea in ancient China's scientific and technological thought. The construction of ancient philosophy and scientific thought system and the formation of logical relationship are indispensable basic concepts. In the construction of ancient architecture, especially on the level of technical logic, The influence and function of the concept of "making utensils yet to resemble" on the practice of building construction are very obvious. The physical basis of the "making utensils yet to be like" put forward in the Book of changes is in ancient technical documents such as the Records of the examiner, the Construction of the French style. The New method of instrument and Image, Mengxi's pen talk, Tianchong opening object are all described in this paper. Moreover, examining the origin of the concept of "Xiang", from the creation of the earliest hexagram images to the creation of the characters of "six Books", all follow the logical system of inference of wishful thinking. Then the mathematics of Yin and Yang, which developed from this system, includes arithmetic, astronomy, calendar, music, military, medicine, etc. Almost all kinds of science, its theory is based on the concept of "elephant" on the basis of almost all kinds of science. Therefore, it is possible to understand the original intention of the builder and the original motive of the form and technology connotation of the ancient architecture by thinking about the ancient construction technology from the point of view of "making device and still being like". The main contents of this paper are as follows: first, the evolution and textual research of the concept of "still making objects", (2) the general situation of the concept of "elephant" and the knowledge system of technical mathematics behind it, and the general situation of the knowledge system of technical mathematics behind it. Third, the technical logic mode under the concept of "making objects still like", and the application and textual research of "making objects still like" in the practice of ancient creation, (4) the textual research of "Xiang" in ancient architectural scale and the interpretation of the way of deduction; (5) the relationship between scale and folding, roofing frame, bucket H1, the shape of the armature and the "figurative theory" of the important architectural techniques, such as scale and folding, roofing frame, bucket H1, and so on. 6. Conclusion and enlightenment: the influence of the concept of "making weapon as yet" on the construction technology practice is deep-seated, not only on the level of enlightenment, but also on the whole connection with the whole traditional technical mathematics system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU-092
本文編號(hào)：2457499
[Abstract]:It is a unique idea in ancient China's scientific and technological thought, and a technical concept based on the mathematical knowledge system of ancient Chinese science and technology, "making an artifact still like" is a unique idea in ancient China's scientific and technological thought. The construction of ancient philosophy and scientific thought system and the formation of logical relationship are indispensable basic concepts. In the construction of ancient architecture, especially on the level of technical logic, The influence and function of the concept of "making utensils yet to resemble" on the practice of building construction are very obvious. The physical basis of the "making utensils yet to be like" put forward in the Book of changes is in ancient technical documents such as the Records of the examiner, the Construction of the French style. The New method of instrument and Image, Mengxi's pen talk, Tianchong opening object are all described in this paper. Moreover, examining the origin of the concept of "Xiang", from the creation of the earliest hexagram images to the creation of the characters of "six Books", all follow the logical system of inference of wishful thinking. Then the mathematics of Yin and Yang, which developed from this system, includes arithmetic, astronomy, calendar, music, military, medicine, etc. Almost all kinds of science, its theory is based on the concept of "elephant" on the basis of almost all kinds of science. Therefore, it is possible to understand the original intention of the builder and the original motive of the form and technology connotation of the ancient architecture by thinking about the ancient construction technology from the point of view of "making device and still being like". The main contents of this paper are as follows: first, the evolution and textual research of the concept of "still making objects", (2) the general situation of the concept of "elephant" and the knowledge system of technical mathematics behind it, and the general situation of the knowledge system of technical mathematics behind it. Third, the technical logic mode under the concept of "making objects still like", and the application and textual research of "making objects still like" in the practice of ancient creation, (4) the textual research of "Xiang" in ancient architectural scale and the interpretation of the way of deduction; (5) the relationship between scale and folding, roofing frame, bucket H1, the shape of the armature and the "figurative theory" of the important architectural techniques, such as scale and folding, roofing frame, bucket H1, and so on. 6. Conclusion and enlightenment: the influence of the concept of "making weapon as yet" on the construction technology practice is deep-seated, not only on the level of enlightenment, but also on the whole connection with the whole traditional technical mathematics system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU-092
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，本文編號(hào)：2457499
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