發(fā)布時間：2019-03-28 16:52

【摘要】：縱觀建筑歷史的發(fā)展,尤其是近現(xiàn)代建筑歷史的發(fā)展,建筑在形式、功能等方面都發(fā)生了巨大的進(jìn)步與改變。而窗戶作為建筑最為重要的組成元素之一,其形式與功能也都發(fā)生了相應(yīng)的革新與變化。追溯其根源,影響窗戶發(fā)生變化的重要因素之一便是新技術(shù)的誕生、發(fā)展與應(yīng)用。在形式方面,新技術(shù)使得窗戶向著更為自由化、消融化的方向發(fā)展。具體來說,窗戶從傳統(tǒng)的窗洞的形式,逐步轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱俗杂傻�、不受結(jié)構(gòu)因素限制的、大扇的,或是直接取代了建筑中墻的存在成為了新式的玻璃幕墻。另外一些新材料技術(shù)的出現(xiàn),使得窗戶的形式的變化更為明顯。玻璃已不再僅僅是透光取景的媒介,也逐漸成為了表現(xiàn)建筑自身形象的一種方式。在功能方面,窗戶的各個部件也因新技術(shù)的影響發(fā)生了重大改變。窗框變得更輕更堅固、導(dǎo)熱性能更低,玻璃等面板也具有更為復(fù)合的功能,在隔音的同時還能做到低吸收率等等,從而使得建筑也更為節(jié)能環(huán)保。另外,一些新的通風(fēng)方式用于窗戶上,不僅減低了建筑的能耗而且還增加了人的舒適性;還有一些新的遮陽方式,也使得建筑既節(jié)能又美觀且更易于操作。還有一些更為新興的技術(shù),例如光電太陽能、熱致變玻璃、電質(zhì)變玻璃、以及可隨太陽角度變化而變化的自動遮陽系統(tǒng)等,雖然這些新技術(shù)有的剛投入市場,有的還未大量推廣,但隨著這些以及更多新技術(shù)的發(fā)展與產(chǎn)生,窗戶必將向著更為自由化、消融化、節(jié)能化、生態(tài)化以及人性化的方向發(fā)展,同時也使得建筑會變得更加美好。
[Abstract]:Throughout the development of architectural history, especially the development of modern architecture history, architecture in form, function and other aspects have undergone great progress and changes. As one of the most important elements of architecture, the form and function of windows have been innovated and changed accordingly. The birth, development and application of new technology are one of the most important factors that influence the change of windows. On the formal side, new technologies have led to more liberalisation and melting of windows. Specifically, the window has gradually changed from the traditional window hole to the free, structure-free, large fan, or directly replacing the existence of the wall in the building as a new type of glass curtain wall. The appearance of some new material technology makes the change of window form more obvious. Glass is no longer only a medium for viewing, but also a way to express its own image. On the functional side, the various parts of the window have also undergone significant changes due to the impact of new technologies. Window frames become lighter and stronger, lower thermal conductivity, glass and other panels also have a more composite function, while insulation can also achieve low absorptivity, and so on, making the building more energy-saving and environmental protection. In addition, some new ventilation methods used in windows not only reduce the energy consumption of the building, but also increase the comfort of people, and some new ways of shading also make the building energy-saving and beautiful and easy to operate. There are also more emerging technologies, such as photoelectric solar energy, thermally induced glass, electrical glass, and automatic sunshade systems that can vary with the sun's angle, although some of these new technologies have just been put on the market. Some have not yet been widely promoted, but with the development and emergence of these and more new technologies, windows are bound to become more liberalized, melting, energy-saving, ecological and humanized, and also make buildings more beautiful.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU228

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